Living Conditions

• What was a major factor contributing to urbanization during this time?

  The movement of people from the countryside to cities was a major factor.
• What was the population increase from 1750 to 1900?

  The population increased from 7 million in 1750 to approximately 41 million in 1900.
• What was the impact of more men gaining the right to vote on living conditions?

  It led to improvements in living conditions for poorer people in society.
• What was the domestic system in terms of work?

  The domestic system involved people working from home before factory work became common.
• How did the Industrial Revolution affect food supply?

  Changes in farming made the supply of food easier, reducing starvation and famine.
• What was a major public health issue caused by dirty water?

  Dirty water led to water-borne diseases like cholera and typhoid.
• What were the living conditions like for the working class during the Industrial period?

  Living conditions were terrible, characterized by overcrowding and poor housing quality.
• How did the rapid growth of towns affect public health?

  The rapid growth of towns led to poor living conditions and the spread of diseases.
• What was the typical accommodation for the poorest people during the Industrial Revolution?

  The cheapest accommodation was often a rented cellar space.
• What was the impact of back-to-back housing on health?

  Back-to-back housing contributed to poor health due to overcrowding and lack of ventilation.
• How did the lack of building regulations affect housing quality?

  The lack of building regulations led to poorly constructed and unsafe housing.
• What were common diseases during the Industrial era?

  Common diseases included tuberculosis, influenza, typhoid, and diphtheria.
• What were the key factors affecting people's health during the Industrial Revolution?

  • Impact of living conditions
  • Improving public health
  • Response to epidemics
  • Changes in beliefs, attitudes, and values
  • Role of local and national government
  • Urbanization
  • Wealth and poverty
• What were the main public health reforms in the 19th century?

  • 1848 Public Health Act
  • 1875 Public Health Act
  • Local initiatives to improve sanitation and living conditions
• How did the Industrial Revolution impact the living conditions of the working class?

  • Overcrowded and poorly built housing
  • Increased pollution and disease
  • Lack of access to clean water and sanitation
  • Poor diet and malnutrition
• What were the main diseases affecting the population during the Industrial era?

  • Tuberculosis (TB)
  • Influenza
  • Typhoid
  • Diphtheria
• What were the living conditions in industrial towns like?

  • Overcrowded back-to-back houses
  • Poor ventilation and sanitation
  • Shared privies and wash houses
  • High levels of pollution
• How did the understanding of disease evolve during the Industrial Revolution?

  • Shift from miasma theory to germ theory
  • Recognition of the role of sanitation in health
  • Increased public awareness of disease transmission
• How did good sewage systems affect the cholera epidemic in 1866?

  They limited the impact of the epidemic
• What change occurred in government attitudes towards public health by the time of the 1866 cholera outbreak?

  The government started to abandon its laissez-faire attitude
• What was the replacement for the midden privy introduced during public health improvements?

  The pale privy
• What was the outcome of the cholera outbreaks in Britain after 1866?

  There were no further cholera outbreaks
• What was the significance of the Great Stink of 1858?

  It led to the creation of a new sewage system in London
• What was the life expectancy in 1900?

  Below 50 years
• What was the significance of the ceremonial fountain in Albert Square, Manchester?

  It celebrated the opening of the Thirlmere Dam