Living conditions

• How did the British economy change after 1950?

  There was less manual labor and more jobs in the service industry
• What were the consequences of urbanization on the British population from 1900 to 2000?

  Increased population density and demands on the welfare state
• What was the average working week for a worker in 1900?

  54 hours
• How did leisure activities change by the end of the 20th century?

  People had more leisure time but were less active
• How did the introduction of gas and electricity change housing after World War II?

  It reduced the need for coal storage and allowed for high-rise flats
• What were the concerns about inactivity in the 1920s?

  People were not exercising enough
• How did World War II affect people's activity levels?

  People were more active due to rationing and limited transportation
• What was the impact of the introduction of the microwave oven on food consumption?

  It led to the popularity of convenient microwave meals
• What were the fears regarding food safety in the 1990s?

  BSE and artificial ingredients raised concerns about modern farming methods
• How did the Great Smog of December 1952 impact public health?

  It led to the death of 12,000 people in London
• What was the main cause of pollution in the early 20th century?

  Smog from factories and industrial cities
• What are the key changes in public health from 1900 to the present day?

  • Introduction of welfare state
  • Development of the NHS
  • Advances in science and technology
  • Changes in living conditions and lifestyles
  • Increased awareness of health issues
• What does the body need sunlight for?

  To build up vitamin D
• What alarming health issue was reported by doctors in 2014?

  An increase in rickets
• What lifestyle factors contributed to the increase in rickets?

  Poor diets and sedentary lifestyles
• What environmental issue has been a problem since 1900?

  Pollution
• What caused pneumonia in the early 20th century industrial cities?

  Smog from factories
• How many people died during the Great Smog of December 1952 in London?

  12,000 people
• What health problems can diesel and petrol fumes create?

  Breathing issues, including worsening asthma
• What measures were created in response to pollution from cars?

  Congestion zones and clean air zones
• What was the impact of improved heating systems on coal usage?

  We rely less on coal today
• When did lead-free fuels start being made?

  In the 1990s
• What was the death toll from the serious smog in London in 1952?

  12,000 deaths
• How much did car ownership increase in Britain between 1980 and 1990?

  By 25%
• What warning was given to athletes training for the London Marathon?

  Not to go outside during certain weeks due to pollution levels
• Why was action against smoking slow to develop?

  The government relied on tax revenue from cigarette sales
• What is the "nanny state" concept in public health?

  It refers to government being overly involved in people's health choices
• What is the purpose of the NHS website regarding BMI?

  To calculate how healthy you are
• What is the minimum price introduced in Scotland for alcohol aimed at?

  To ensure alcohol is not too cheap to buy
• What discussions have taken place regarding a sugar tax?

  To address obesity as a major cause of heart disease