Paper chromatography

• What are some methods used to separate mixtures?

  Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, and chromatography
• What determines the method chosen to separate a mixture?

  The type of mixture
• What is chromatography used for?

  • To separate different substances dissolved in a liquid
  • Often used for colored substances like food colorings, inks, dyes, or plant pigments
• What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

  The absorbent paper
• What is the mobile phase in chromatography?

  The solvent that moves through the paper
• How do different substances in a mixture behave in chromatography?

  They are attracted to the two phases in different proportions, causing them to move at different rates
• What does a chromatogram indicate about a substance?

  • A pure substance produces one spot
  • An impure substance produces two or more spots
• How can a paper chromatogram be used to identify substances?

  By comparing the number of spots and their colors with known substances
• What indicates that two substances are likely to be the same in chromatography?

  If they produce the same number of spots that match in color and travel the same distance
• What is the definition of a solvent in chromatography?

  • The liquid in which the solute dissolves to form a solution
  • It moves through the paper in chromatography
• What is the definition of a solute in chromatography?

  • A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
  • It is part of the mixture being separated