The working memory model

• What is the main function of the central executive in the working memory model?

  It monitors incoming data and is involved in decision making.
• How does the central executive relate to slave systems?

  It is involved in decision making and manages slave systems.
• What type of coding does the central executive use?

  Coding is phonic.
• What is a limitation of the central executive's storage capacity?

  It has a very limited storage capacity.
• What type of information does the phonological loop deal with?

  It deals with auditory information.
• What is the role of the phonological store loop?

  It stores the words that you hear.
• What does the articulatory process loop allow for?

  It allows for maintenance rehearsal.
• What type of coding does the phonological loop use?

  Coding is acoustic.
• What is the capacity of the phonological loop?

  About 2 seconds worth of what you can say.
• What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  It stores visual and spatial information when required.
• What does the visual cache in the visuo-spatial sketchpad do?

  It stores all the visual data, such as colors.
• What is the role of the inner scribe in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  It records the arrangement of objects in the visual field.
• What type of coding does the visuo-spatial sketchpad use?

  Coding is visual and spatial.
• What is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  3 or 4 objects.
• What is the function of the episodic buffer?

  It is a temporary store for information.
• How does the episodic buffer integrate information?

  It integrates visual, spatial, and verbal information from other stores.
• What does the episodic buffer maintain a sense of?

  It maintains a sense of time sequencing, recording events that are happening.
• How does the episodic buffer link to long-term memory?

  It links to long-term memory (LTM).
• What type of coding does the episodic buffer use?

  Coding is flexible.
• What is the capacity of the episodic buffer?

  About 'chunks'.
• What evidence supports the working memory model (WMM)?

  • Clinical evidence from Shallice & Warrington (1970) with patient KF.
  • Dual task performance studies by Baddeley (1975).
  • Word length effect studies supporting the phonological loop.
  • Brain scanning studies showing activity in the prefrontal cortex during dual tasks.
• What did Shallice & Warrington (1970) find in their study of patient KF?

  Patient KF had poor STM for auditory information but could process visual information normally.
• What does the finding about patient KF suggest about the phonological loop?

  It suggests that the phonological loop was damaged while the visual memory was intact.
• What did Baddeley (1975) find regarding dual task performance?

  Participants had more difficulty carrying out two visual tasks than a visual and verbal task together.
• Why do visual tasks compete for the same resources in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  Because both visual tasks compete for the same limited resources of the VSS.
• What happens when performing visual and verbal tasks simultaneously?

  There is no competition because different components are used, allowing tasks to be performed with minimum errors.
• What does the word length effect demonstrate about the phonological loop?

  Participants recalled shorter words better than longer words due to the phonological loop's time limitation.
• What happens to the sound word length effect during a repetitive task?

  The sound word length effect disappears when the phonological loop is tied up.
• What did brain scanning studies reveal about the central executive?

  They showed significantly more activity in the prefrontal cortex during dual tasks, indicating greater attentional demands.
• What is a limitation of the central executive in the working memory model?

  It is too vague and does not explain anything clearly.
• What does the case of Clive Wearing illustrate about the working memory model?

  It shows that the WMM hasn't been fully explored, as he has reduced working memory and poor decision-making skills.