waves

• What do waves transfer from one place to another?

  Energy
• How do waves transfer energy without transferring matter?

  Waves move energy through oscillations without moving the medium itself
• What equipment can be used to measure the speed of sound?

  • Oscilloscope
  • Two microphones
  • A speaker
  • Signal generator
• What is the formula to find the speed of sound waves?

  The formula is \( v = f\lambda \)
• What is the approximate speed of sound in air?

  330 m/s
• What happens when a wave meets a boundary between two materials?

  1. Absorption
  2. Transmission
  3. Reflection
• What occurs when a wave is absorbed by a material?

  The wave transfers its energy to the material's energy stores
• What happens when a wave is transmitted through a material?

  The wave continues through the new material, often leading to refraction
• What is reflection in terms of wave behavior?

  Reflection occurs when the incoming ray bounces back from the second material
• What type of waves are electromagnetic (EM) waves?

  Transverse waves
• How do electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum?

  They are vibrations of electric and magnetic fields
• What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans detect?

  Visible light
• What is the mnemonic for the order of electromagnetic waves?

  • Rock Music Is Very Useful for Experiments with Goats
• What is the wavelength range of radio waves?

  Longer than about 10 cm
• Why can long radio waves be received halfway around the world?

  Because they can diffract around the Earth's surface
• What is the frequency of radio waves produced by an alternating current?

  It is equal to the frequency of the alternating current
• What is the primary use of radio waves?

  Communication
• How do microwaves work in satellite communication?

  • Microwaves pass easily through the Earth's atmosphere
  • Signals are transmitted to satellites in orbit
  • Satellites relay signals back to Earth
• How do microwave ovens heat food?

  Microwaves are absorbed by water molecules, causing them to heat up
• What does infrared radiation do to objects?

  It causes them to get hotter
• What are the uses of infrared radiation?

  • Detecting temperature with infrared cameras
  • Heating food in microwave ovens
  • Heating rooms with electric heaters
• What is the function of optical fibers?

  To carry data as pulses of visible light
• Why is visible light used in optical fibers?

  Because it remains in a narrow light beam that is easy to control
• What property of ultraviolet light makes it useful for certain applications?

  It is not easily absorbed or scattered
• What are some additional uses of electromagnetic waves?

  • Communication (radio, microwaves)
  • Heating (microwave ovens, infrared radiation)
  • Data transmission (optical fibers)