Occupied Europe

• What is the focus of this revision video?

  The occupation of Europe during the Second World War
• What question does the video aim to address regarding Nazi rule?

  What did Nazi rule mean for the people of Europe from 1939 to 1945?
• What are the main topics covered in the video?

  • Contrasting nature of Nazi rule in Eastern and Western Europe
  • The Holocaust, including ghettos and death camps
  • Responses to Nazi rule: collaboration, accommodation, and resistance
  • Case studies of Poland and the Netherlands
• When did the Nazis take control of the Channel Islands?

  June 1940
• How long did the Nazi occupation of the Channel Islands last?

  Until May 1945
• What was the role of Channel Island politicians during the Nazi occupation?

  They were allowed to assist with the occupation
• What did Hitler announce about the Channel Islands in October 1941?

  They would become an impregnable Fortress as part of the Atlantic Wall
• What was the fate of the Channel Islanders regarding the fortifications?

  Most refused to build them, leading to the use of slave labor
• How many prisoners of war died in the concentration camps on the Channel Islands?

  700
• What were the key differences in Nazi occupation between Poland and the Netherlands?

  • Poland: Attempted destruction of Polish culture and people
  • Netherlands: Retained some cultural identity and civil structures
  • Both faced persecution of Jewish populations
• When did Germany invade the Netherlands?

  May 10, 1940
• What happened on May 14, 1940, in Rotterdam?

  The Luftwaffe bombed the city, killing 800 and destroying 25,000 homes
• Who was in control of the Netherlands after the German invasion?

  Arthur Seyss-Inquart
• How were the Dutch treated differently from the Polish under Nazi occupation?

  The Dutch were treated more leniently due to their ethnic background
• What was the reaction of the Dutch people to the Nazi occupation initially?

  There was much compliance at first
• What significant event occurred in February 1941 in the Netherlands?

  The first Jewish member was rounded up for deportation
• What happened to Dutch resistance members during the Nazi occupation?

  Many were arrested and executed
• What was the impact of forced labor on Dutch men during the occupation?

  500,000 men were sent to Germany for forced labor
• When were the Netherlands liberated from Nazi occupation?

  May 5, 1945
• What were the key aspects of the Holocaust?

  • 11 million individuals murdered, including 6 million Jews
  • Stages of persecution: forced immigration, ghettos, Einsatzgruppen, and final solution
  • Creation of death camps like Auschwitz
• What was the Nazi policy towards Jewish people between 1938 and 1939?

  Forced immigration of Jewish people
• What was the Warsaw Ghetto?

  A sealed area where Jewish people were confined in Poland
• What was the significance of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942?

  It led to the announcement of the final solution
• How many Jews were living in Poland before the war?

  Approximately 3.5 million
• What was the fate of Jewish people in Austria after the Nazi occupation?

  They were beaten, humiliated, and forced to emigrate
• What was the Vienna model of persecution?

  A strategy to encourage Jewish emigration from Austria
• What was the largest ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe?

  The Warsaw Ghetto
• What were the stages of Nazi treatment towards Jewish people during the occupation?

  1. Forced immigration (1938-1939)
  2. Concentration in ghettos (1939-1941)
  3. Einsatzgruppen killings (1941)
  4. Final solution and establishment of death camps (1942)
• What model of persecution did the Nazis adopt to encourage immigration?

  The Vienna model of persecution
• When did the Nazis invade Czechoslovakia?

  In March 1939
• What area of Czechoslovakia did the Nazis take control of in September 1938?

  The Sudetenland
• Which country had the most Jewish people living in it before World War II?

  Poland
• What was the Nazis' plan for the Jews of Europe?

  To move them to a reservation
• Why was forced immigration of Jews not possible?

  Because the Nazis did not own any land for reservations
• What were ghettos used for during the Nazi regime?

  To isolate Jews from non-Jewish people
• When was the Warsaw Ghetto completed?

  In November 1940
• What was the population of the Warsaw Ghetto by March 1941?

  445,000 Jewish inhabitants
• What percentage of Warsaw's population lived in the ghetto?

  About 33% of the city's population
• What were the conditions like in the ghettos?

  Terrible, leading to disease and death
• How many cases of typhus were reported in the Warsaw Ghetto in autumn 1941?

  900 cases