localisation of function in the brain

• What is the weight of the human brain mentioned in the text?

  1. 4 kilograms
• What does the brain allow us to do according to the text?

  It allows us to move our body, understand language, remember the past, and plan for the future.
• What is the concept of localization of function in the brain?

  It is the idea that specific behavioral functions are localized to particular regions of the brain.
• What are the six regions of the brain that demonstrate localization of function?

  • Visual cortex
  • Motor cortex
  • Somatosensory cortex
  • Auditory cortex
  • Broca's area
  • Wernicke's area
• Which hemisphere of the brain generally contains Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  The left hemisphere
• What is the significance of Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

  They are responsible for producing and understanding language.
• What does contralateral mean in relation to the brain's functions?

  It means that one hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body.
• What is the thickness of the cortex in humans?

  Between 2 and 4 millimeters
• What is the visual cortex responsible for?

  It is responsible for visual processing.
• What can damage to the visual cortex cause?

  It can cause partial or complete blindness, known as cortical blindness.
• Where is the motor cortex located?

  In the frontal lobe of the brain.
• What happens if the motor cortex is damaged?

  It can lead to loss of fine muscle function or paralysis on the opposite side of the body.
• What does the somatosensory cortex detect?

  It detects sensations from the opposite side of the body.
• What is neglect syndrome?

  It is the loss of sensation from one side of the body due to damage in the somatosensory cortex.
• Where is the auditory cortex located?

  At the top of the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain.
• What can damage to the auditory cortex lead to?

  It can lead to deafness.
• What is Broca's area responsible for?

  It is responsible for speech production.
• What is Broca's aphasia?

  It is a difficulty in producing fluent speech due to damage in Broca's area.
• What is Wernicke's area associated with?

  It is associated with the ability to interpret speech.
• What is Wernicke's aphasia?

  It is a difficulty in understanding written or spoken language.
• What are the limitations of localization of function research?

  • Damage can affect multiple areas, complicating conclusions.
  • Modern imaging shows functions may be more distributed.
  • Some functions like personality and consciousness are not localized.
• What did Lashley's 1925 study suggest about brain function?

  It suggested that functions are spread out across the entire brain rather than localized.
• What is hemispheric lateralization?

  • Different hemispheres specialize in different functions.
  • The left hemisphere is dominant for language.
  • The right hemisphere is dominant for visual-spatial tasks.
• What does the sensory homunculus represent?

  It represents how different areas of the body are mapped in the sensory cortex based on sensory processing needs.
• What is the primary function of the visual cortex?

  Visual processing
• What is the primary function of the motor cortex?

  Planning and carrying out voluntary motor movements
• What is the primary function of the somatosensory cortex?

  Detecting sensations from the body
• What is the primary function of the auditory cortex?

  Receiving auditory sensations
• What is the primary function of Broca's area?

  Speech production
• What is the primary function of Wernicke's area?

  Interpreting speech
• What is the term for the inability to produce or understand speech?

  Global aphasia
• What is the term for the loss of sensation from one side of the body?

  Neglect syndrome
• What is agnosia?

  The inability to recognize objects by feeling them.
• What is cortical blindness?

  Blindness caused by damage to the visual cortex.
• What is the role of the central sulcus?

  It separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
• What is the appearance of white matter in the brain?

  It has a white appearance due to myelinated axons.
• What is grey matter primarily composed of?

  Cell bodies
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?

  It is known as the visual processing center.
• What is the role of the temporal lobe?

  It is involved in auditory processing and language comprehension.
• What is the role of the frontal lobe?

  It is involved in planning and executing voluntary movements.