Thomas Jefferson

• What challenges did the new republic face in defining democratic ideals?

  Rapid economic, territorial, and demographic changes
• What was Key Concept 4.1 regarding the United States during this period?

  • Development of the world’s first modern mass democracy
  • Celebration of a new national culture
  • Efforts to define democratic ideals and reform institutions
• What accompanied the transformation to a more participatory democracy?

  Debates over federal power and the rights of citizens
• Who was President during the "Revolution of 1800"?

  Thomas Jefferson
• What did Jefferson believe democracy should reflect?

  His ideal America and government structure
• Who were the main candidates in the Election of 1800?

  Adams and Jefferson
• What was the Federalist view of Adams during the Election of 1800?

  They believed he deserved re-election due to economic prosperity
• What did the Democratic-Republicans criticize about Adams?

  They claimed he favored the rich and suppressed freedom of speech
• What was the problem in the Election of 1800 regarding electoral votes?

  Neither Adams nor Jefferson gained a majority
• How was the tie between Jefferson and Burr resolved?

  The House of Representatives voted to decide the winner
• What did the Twelfth Amendment establish?

  Electors must cast separate votes for president and vice president
• What was a significant legacy of the Election of 1800?

  It marked a peaceful transfer of power between parties
• What fiscal changes did Jefferson implement after the election?

  He aimed to decrease government spending and cut the national debt
• What was the outcome of the Marbury v. Madison case?

  It established the principle of judicial review
• Who was the Chief Justice during Marbury v. Madison?

  John Marshall
• How did Marbury v. Madison affect the judiciary's role?

  It established the judiciary as a coequal branch of government
• What was Jefferson's concern regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

  He worried it was unconstitutional for him to purchase land
• What was the cost of the Louisiana Purchase?

  $15 million
• What was the significance of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

  It mapped new territories and encouraged westward expansion
• What did the Embargo of 1807 aim to achieve?

  To retaliate against French and British commercial warfare
• What was the outcome of the Embargo of 1807?

  It resulted in economic decline for the U.S.
• What did the Non-Intercourse Act replace?

  The Embargo Act
• What was a consequence of the Non-Intercourse Act?

  It led to increased smuggling
• What does the Burr Conspiracy illustrate about the early U.S. government?

  It highlights the weaknesses of the new country and its governance
• What was the outcome of the duel between Burr and Hamilton?

  Burr shot Hamilton, who died the next day
• What did Jefferson do in response to the Burr Conspiracy?

  He sought a conviction for Burr
• What were some key achievements of Thomas Jefferson?

  • Wrote the Declaration of Independence
  • Founded the University of Virginia
  • Secured the Louisiana Purchase
  • Supported religious freedom
  • Served in various government roles
• How does Jefferson's duality affect perceptions of his leadership?

  His moral failings complicate views on his greatness as a leader
• What were the implications of the Louisiana Purchase for the U.S.?

  • Doubled the size of the U.S.
  • Gave control of the Mississippi River
  • Raised constitutional questions about land acquisition