WAR OF 1812

• Who was the President of the United States from 1809 to 1817?

  James Madison
• What was the Continental System?

  • Economic warfare initiated by Napoleon
  • Closed the European continent to British trade
  • Led to British "orders in council" and blockades
• What was the purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807?

  To pressure Britain to renounce impressment of American sailors
• What event heightened tensions between the USA and Great Britain leading up to the War of 1812?

  The Chesapeake/Leopard Affair
• What was the outcome of the Chesapeake/Leopard Affair?

  Four American sailors were taken by the British
• What was Jefferson's diplomatic strategy called?

  Peaceable coercion
• Who was elected President in the election of 1808?

  James Madison
• What did the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 do?

  Reopened trade with all nations except Great Britain and France
• What was Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)?

  It reopened trade with Britain and France but allowed the president to prohibit commerce if issues persisted
• How did Napoleon's actions influence American trade relations?

  He promised not to interfere with American shipping, pushing the US towards an embargo with Britain
• Why did the British protect Native Americans during this period?

  They relied on them for the fur trade and as military allies
• Who was William Henry Harrison?

  Governor of Indiana Territory who expanded into Native American lands
• What was Jefferson's solution to the "Indian Problem"?

  To convert Native Americans into settled farmers and assimilate them
• What was the significance of the Battle of Tippecanoe?

  It was a victory for Harrison over the Prophet's village, leading to increased tensions with Native Americans
• What did the Southern frontiersmen want regarding Spanish Florida?

  To acquire it due to slave escapes and Native American raids
• What role did war hawks play in the War of 1812?

  They pushed Congress for war against Britain
• What was the outcome of the War of 1812?

  It ended in a stalemate with no territorial changes
• What was the significance of the Treaty of Ghent?

  It re-established US sovereignty and ended hostilities
• How did the War of 1812 affect American nationalism?

  It led to a rise in nationalism, especially after the Battle of New Orleans
• What was the Panic of 1819?

  It was a financial crisis following the expiration of the First Bank of the US
• What were the main components of Henry Clay's American System?

  • Strong banking system (2nd Bank of the US)
  • Protective tariff for eastern manufacturing
  • Internal improvements (roads and canals)
• How did sectionalism manifest in the early 19th century America?

  • Northerners opposed tariffs due to shipping trade concerns
  • Easterners favored tariffs for protection
  • Southerners resented tariffs for raising import prices
  • Westerners had mixed views based on agricultural needs
• Who was the Federalist candidate in the election of 1816?

  Rufus King
• What was the "Era of Good Feelings"?

  A period of political unity and national pride following the War of 1812
• What were the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)?

  • Ceded Florida to the U.S.
  • Defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain
• What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817?

  • Disarmament treaty between U.S. and Great Britain
  • Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes
• How did the War of 1812 stimulate American manufacturing?

  • The Embargo Act of 1807 and the war encouraged domestic manufacturing
  • Led to the growth of the textile industry
• What was the impact of the War of 1812 on westward expansion?

  • Population west of the Appalachians nearly doubled from 1800-1820
  • Increased demand for land and resources
• What was the stance of the Northwest on the tariff issue?

  The Northwest favored high duties to protect its agricultural production.
• Why did the Southwest favor low duties?

  The Southwest favored low duties because they produced cotton.
• Why did Clay believe the West should support high tariffs?

  Clay believed the West should support it because urban factory workers would be consumers of western foods.
• Who was elected president in 1816?

  James Monroe was elected president in 1816.
• What was the term used to describe Monroe's presidency?

  The term used was "Era of Good Feelings."
• What were the key components of Monroe's cabinet?

  • John Quincy Adams: Secretary of State
  • William Crawford: Secretary of Treasury
  • John C. Calhoun: Secretary of War
• What was the purpose of the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817?

  The Rush-Bagot Agreement aimed to limit naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.
• What did the Adams-Onis Treaty accomplish?

  The Adams-Onis Treaty ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.
• What was the Panic of 1819 primarily caused by?

  The Panic of 1819 was primarily caused by the expiration of the First Bank of the U.S. and the rise of unreliable wildcat banks.
• What were the consequences of the Panic of 1819?

  • Land speculation and easy credit led to a land purchasing boom.
  • The Second Bank of the U.S. was chartered in 1816 to mitigate risks.
  • Wildcat banks called in loans and foreclosed on Western farms.
  • Specie problem arose due to insufficient gold and silver coins.
• What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

  The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30' parallel.
• Who proposed the Missouri Compromise?

  Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise.