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Sem 1
Mycoplasma
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Created by
Emily cheung
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Cards (51)
What type of bacteria are mycoplasmas classified as?
Gram positive
bacteria
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Why do gram-positive bacteria not retain crystal violet stain?
Because the crystal violet is not stuck in the
peptidoglycan
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What are the two main categories of gram-positive bacteria?
Non-spore
forming bacteria
Lactic acid
bacteria:
Streptococcus
, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Listeria, Mycoplasma
Spore forming bacteria:
Clostridium
,
Bacillus
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What is the GC content characteristic of firmicutes?
Low GC
gram positive
bacteria
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Which group of bacteria is known for having a high GC content?
Actinobacteria
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What is unique about mycoplasma in terms of cell structure?
They completely lack a
cell wall
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How are mycoplasmas related to gram-positive bacteria despite lacking a cell wall?
Gene sequencing
shows they are related
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What is the effect of osmotic lysis on mycoplasmas?
They are sensitive to
osmotic lysis
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What strengthens the plasma membrane of mycoplasmas?
The inclusion of
sterols
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What are lipoglycans in mycoplasmas involved in?
They
help
avoid
the
immune response
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What is the size range of concord cells?
0.12
µm
to 0.25 µm in diameter
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Why are mycoplasmas considered pleomorphic?
Because they come in
different
shapes
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What is the significance of mycoplasmas being non-motile?
Most are non-motile, except some human and animal
pathogens
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What type of organisms do mycoplasmas primarily parasitize?
Eukaryotes
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What are the growth factor requirements for mycoplasmas?
They have complex growth factor requirements due to limited
biosynthetic
capabilities
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Which mycoplasmas do not require sterols for growth?
Acholeplasma
,
Asteroleplasma
, and
Mesoplasma
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How do mycoplasmas appear when grown on solid agar?
They form a
fried egg-shaped
colony
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What is the GC content range for mycoplasmas?
Approximately
25-35%
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Which mycoplasma has the smallest known genome?
Mycoplasma
genitalium
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What is the size of the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium?
580 kbp
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How does the genome size of Mycoplasma pneumoniae compare to that of E. coli?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae has a genome of
816 kbp
, while E. coli has
5440 kbp
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What evolutionary trend has occurred in the genome of mycoplasmas?
Multiple
reductions
in genome size have occurred
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What are the characteristics of mycoplasmas?
Require
cholesterol
Parasites of animal mucous membranes
Facultative anaerobes
Over
60
species recognized
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What is the role of urease in mycoplasmas?
It converts urea to
ammonia
and CO2
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What is a common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
Mycoplasma
genitalium
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How is Mycoplasma genitalium transmitted?
By direct
venereal
contact
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What is the significance of mycoplasmas in the pharmaceutical industry?
They are difficult to sterilize in liquids and are common
contaminants
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What is the treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections?
Erythromycin
,
doxycycline
,
azithromycin
, or
levofloxacin
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What complications can arise from Mycoplasma genitalium infections in women?
Associated with
cervicitis
and
endometriosis
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What is the recommended treatment for Mycoplasma genitalium in the UK?
Doxycycline
pretreatment followed by
azithromycin
or
moxifloxacin
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What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?
Mild flu-like symptoms: headache, sore throat, cough
Severe pneumonia: fever, chills, malaise
Protracted
course with gradual resolution
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How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae diagnosed?
Through clinical symptoms, X-ray, and
PCR
tests
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Why are serological tests not commonly used for diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
They are considered old-fashioned and not
useful
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What is the challenge in culturing Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Culturing is
slow
and not very
useful
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Why is accurate diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae important?
Because it is resistant to
antibiotics
that act on the
cell wall
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What antibiotics are ineffective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Penicillins
and
cephalosporins
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What is the role of hydrogen peroxide produced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
It is thought to be responsible for
initial cell disruption
in the
respiratory tract
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What is the significance of the polar time organelles in Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
They are involved in
specific adhesion
to respiratory epithelium cells
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What is the common age range for individuals affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Individuals aged
5-20
years old
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What type of pneumonia does Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause?
Primary atypical pneumonia
(walking pneumonia)
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