Covalent bonding

• • Covalent bonds occur between non metal atoms
  • When non metal atoms bond together, they share electrons to make covalent bonds
• • Atoms only share electrons in the outer shell - highest energy levels
  • Covalent bonds are held by strong electrostatic forces as the positively charged nucleui of the electrons are attracted to the shared pair of electrons
• • Dot and cross diagrams do not show the sizes of the atons, or how they are arranged in space
• • Linear diagrams do not show the 3D structure of the molecule or which atoms the electrons in the covalent bond have come from
• • 3D models do not show where the electrons in the covalent bond have come from