thick walls made from material with low thermal conductivity - thicker and lower thermal conductivity slows rate of energy transfer - building will cool slower
cavity walls with air gap/insulating air gap between walls - air gap/insulation reduces amount of energy transferred by conduction through walls
loft insulation reduces convection currents in lofts
double glazed windows have air gap between glass to prevent energy transfer by conduction through windows
draught excluders around doors/windows reduce energy transfers by convection
