Greek War for Independence

• What was the primary goal of the Greeks during the War for Independence?

  Independence and separation from the Ottoman Empire
• What influenced the Greek desire for independence from the Ottoman Empire?

  The increased spread of Western ideas throughout the empire
• Which European nations showed sympathy for the Greeks during their struggle for independence?

  Britain, Russia, and France
• When did the Battle of Navarino take place?

  October 20, 1827
• Why was the Battle of Navarino significant in the Greek War for Independence?

  It led to the defeat of the Turkish and Egyptian navies
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Navarino for the Turkish forces?

  They began to evacuate Greece within 10 months
• What did the defeat of the Turkish and Egyptian navies at Navarino lead to?

  The creation of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1832
• What was the significance of the Battle of Petra in the Greek War of Independence?

  It was the final major battle in the war
• Who led the Greek forces during the Battle of Petra?

  Demetrios Ypsilantis
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Petra for the Turkish forces?

  They surrendered all land from Livadeia to the Spercheios River
• Why was the Battle of Petra significant for the Greek forces?

  It was their first victory fighting as a true army
• What was Demetrios Ypsilantis appointed as in 1827?

  Leader of the Greek forces
• What type of military training did Ypsilantis provide to the Greek forces?

  Training to fight as a regular European army
• What happened to Ypsilantis in 1828?

  He was forced to flee the country
• How is Ypsilantis remembered in Greece despite his battlefield failures?

  As a key figure in the struggle for Greek independence
• What legacy did Ypsilantis leave for the modern Greek state?

  His efforts laid the groundwork for its establishment
• What were the key events and outcomes of the Greek War for Independence?

  • Greeks favored independence from the Ottoman Empire
  • Battle of Navarino: decisive naval battle leading to Turkish defeat
  • Creation of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1832
  • Battle of Petra: final major battle, first Greek victory as a true army
  • Demetrios Ypsilantis: leader of Greek forces, remembered for his contributions
• What were the implications of the Battle of Navarino and the Battle of Petra for the Greek War of Independence?

  • Battle of Navarino: intervention by European powers, Turkish evacuation
  • Battle of Petra: Turkish surrender, end of major conflict
  • Both battles contributed to the establishment of Greece as an independent state
• What was the Turkish perspective on the Greek War for Independence?

  It was seen as a threat to the status quo of the Ottoman Empire.
• How did the Greek War for Independence threaten the Ottoman Empire?

  It threatened to change how subjects viewed the state versus their nationalist ideals.
• What could a loss to the Greeks have initiated within the Ottoman Empire?

  It could have initiated a nationalist domino effect across the Ottoman state.
• When did the Battle of Navarino take place?

  October 20th, 1827.
• Which countries were involved in the Battle of Navarino against the Ottoman Empire?

  Britain, Russia, and France.
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Navarino?

  The British, Russian, and French forces destroyed the Ottoman fleet.
• Why was the Battle of Navarino significant for Greek Independence?

  It paved the way for Greek Independence by defeating the Ottoman Egyptian fleet.
• What were the effects of the Battle of Navarino on the Ottoman Empire?

  It reinforced concerns about rising nationalist movements and increased diplomatic pressures.
• What discussions were prompted within the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Navarino?

  Discussions about military reforms and modernization efforts.
• What was one consequence for the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Navarino?

  They lost their stance as a true "Great Power" in the world.
• What did the Ottoman Empire have to surrender after the Battle of Navarino?

  Greek lands.
• How did the Egyptians respond to the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Navarino?

  They began to "shrug off" Turkish domination, creating a more independent state.
• When did the Battle of Petra take place?

  Between September 12th and September 25th, 1829.
• Who fought in the Battle of Petra?

  The Hellenic Republic (Greece) and the Ottoman Empire.
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Petra?

  The Greeks won and the Turks lost.
• What did the defeat at the Battle of Petra signify for the Ottoman Empire?

  It marked the diminishing of the Ottoman Empire.
• What did the rebels prove after the Battle of Petra?

  They could create a sovereign and nationalist state.
• How did the Greek War for Independence influence other subjects in the Ottoman state?

  It was a great influence on other independence-aspiring subjects.
• How did European powers view the Ottoman Empire after the Greek War for Independence?

  They began to look down on it as a "falling tyranny."
• Who was George Canning?

  A British statesman who served as Prime Minister for a brief period in 1827.
• What role did George Canning play in British politics?

  He was a key figure in the Tory party and played a significant role in foreign affairs.
• What was the "Canning Doctrine" known for?

  It aimed to counter foreign intervention in Latin America.