Section 2

• What was England like in the 16th and 17th centuries?

  It was marked by religious persecution, civil war, and economic changes.
• Why did migrants come to England during the 16th and 17th centuries?

  They sought to escape religious persecution and civil unrest.
• How did the relationship between the Catholic Church and England change during this period?

  The Catholic Church's influence diminished, leading to the establishment of the Church of England.
• What significant event occurred between 1642 and 1651 in England?

  A civil war took place between the King and Parliament.
• What was the outcome of the civil war in 1649?

  King Charles I was executed, and Oliver Cromwell took charge as a republic.
• Who was invited to reign in 1660 after the civil war?

  King Charles II was invited to reign.
• What was the significance of the year 1685 in relation to King James II?

  King James II's reign was unpopular in Protestant England.
• How did the government’s religious stance impact migration?

  Governments welcomed or neglected migrants based on their religious affiliations.
• What was the status of England's religion in 1500?

  England was predominantly Catholic.
• What major change did Henry VIII implement in 1534?

  He established himself as the head of the Church of England.
• What was the religious settlement introduced by Queen Elizabeth in 1559?

  It established England as officially Protestant.
• What led to the migration of European Protestants like the Huguenots to England?

  They fled persecution in their home countries, seeking safety in Protestant England.
• What was the impact of the Hanseatic League on England?

  It contributed to England's economic growth and international trade links.
• What was the significance of the East India Company established in 1600?

  It marked the beginning of significant international trade for England.
• What was the role of the Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa established in 1660?

  It began the slave trade in West Africa.
• How did the Protestant government affect the migration of Huguenots and Jews?

  They were welcomed as allies against Catholic persecution.
• What was the outcome of the Edict of Nantes for Huguenots in France?

  It was revoked in 1685, leading to increased persecution.
• What was the significance of the massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572?

  It led to the death of over 10,000 Huguenots in France.
• How many Huguenots migrated to England between 1670 and 1710?

  Approximately 50,000 Huguenots arrived.
• What was the purpose of the Foreign Protestants Naturalisation Act passed in 1709?

  It allowed European migrants to live in England with civil rights if loyal to the crown.
• What was the condition of the Palatines who migrated to England?

  They were mostly poor farmers affected by bad harvests and wars.
• What challenges did the Palatines face after migrating to England?

  They struggled to find work and faced deportation to Ireland.
• What was the fate of many Palatines who were deported to Ireland?

  Two-thirds of them drifted back to England.
• How did the Jewish community in London develop during the 17th century?

  They gradually joined the community and built the oldest British synagogue, Bevis Marks.
• What was the significance of the year 1656 for Jews in England?

  It marked the return of Jews to England after their expulsion in 1290.
• What was the role of the Royal Exchange in London for the Jewish community?

  It served as a center of commerce for Jewish traders and bankers.
• How did antisemitism manifest in England during the 17th century?

  Jews faced restrictions on education, military service, and were depicted negatively in literature.
• What was the fate of gypsies in England during the 16th and 17th centuries?

  They faced persecution and were often treated as vagrants.
• What actions did Henry VIII take against gypsies in 1530?

  He ordered all gypsies to leave the country within 16 days or face imprisonment or deportation.
• Who was Sir John Hawkins and what was his role in the 16th century?

  He was the first Englishman involved in the transatlantic slave trade.
• How did Africans integrate into English society during the 16th and 17th centuries?

  Many worked skilled jobs and were paid equal wages, not considered slaves under the law.
• What was the role of Indian sailors (Lascars) in the East India Company?

  They worked on ships and settled in ports like London and Liverpool.
• What was the significance of the baptism of an Indian youth in 1616?

  It marked the recognition of Indian migrants in England and support for their education.
• How did the presence of Indian migrants affect the East India Company?

  They provided necessary labor and skills to support the company's operations in India.
• What were the main factors influencing migration to England in the 16th and 17th centuries?

  • Religious persecution
  • Economic opportunities
  • Changes in government policies
  • Welcoming of Protestant migrants
• What were the experiences of different migrant groups in England during this period?

  • Huguenots: Skilled workers, faced poverty but many prospered.
  • Palatines: Agricultural laborers, faced challenges and deportation.
  • Jews: Gradually integrated, built communities, faced antisemitism.
  • Africans: Worked skilled jobs, integrated into society.
  • Gypsies: Persecuted and marginalized.
• What were the impacts of migrants on English society?

  • Boosted trade and economy
  • Introduced new skills and techniques
  • Contributed to cultural diversity
  • Faced challenges and discrimination
• What was the role of the East India Company in establishing trade links with India?

  It facilitated trade and established factories in key locations like Surat and Chennai.
• What was the significance of the Huguenots in the silk trade?

  They boosted silk production and introduced new weaving techniques to England.
• How did the Palatines impact English agriculture?

  They contributed labor but faced challenges due to poor harvests and lack of support.