f subculture theory

• What is cohens status fustration?

  Argues young working class males experience status fustration therefore form deviant subcultures with deviant vales to achieve and gain respect from peers
• What is status fustration

  Feeling annoyed as you cant achieve goals of society legitimately due to lack of job/qualification
• Deviant subcultures start from school - negative labelling
• Young working class males commit crimes to overcome status frustration and gain street capital to build a reputation
• What is an evaluation of cohens status frustration?

  Fails to explain different types of deviance with different types of gangs.

  Criticised as most delinquents dont care what society thinks of them
• What do cloward and ohlin say on subcultures?

  Not all working class can get rich through crime.The different opportunities they have means there is different forms of crime and deviance
• What are the three types of deviant subcultures?

  1. criminal subcultures
  2. conflict subcultures
  3. retreatist subcultures
• what are criminal subcultures?

  Areas with organised crime networks with criminal role models for youth teach them how to be successful criminals and commit utilitarian crime with increased opportunites for success
• what are conflict subcultures?

  In the inner city deprived areas with high population turnover.

  Youths in these unstable areas join violent gangs and fight - non utilitarian crimes eg. stab rivals for respect
• What are retreatist subcultures?

  Areas where no organised crime networks are eg. countryside

  Youth in these areas cant achieve society goals legitimately so give up - double failures
• What are double failures?


  Cant achieve in society or crime
• What is an evaluation for cloward and ohlin?

  No evidence these subcultures exist in UK - USA

  Ignore some subcultures can be a mix of all 3

  Mainly focuses of working class male subcultures not others eg.female

  Therefore doesnt provide convincing explanation for every type of crime and subculture
• What does miller say?

  
  

  Working class develop their own subcultures with their own 'focul concerns'

  Criminal and deviant acts result from demonstrating focul concerns
• What are focul concerns?

  Things they value eg. toughness, excitement
• Examples of focul concerns


  Excitement - driving dangerously Toughness - street fights