Cells

• prokaryotic


  cells without a nucleus
• eukaryotic


  cells with a nucleus(animal or plant cells)
• cytoplasm


  where chemical reactions occur
• cell membrane


  controls what goes in and out of the cell, its permeable
• cell wall


  found in plant and bacterial cells, provides support and protection in plant cells the cell wall contains cellulose
• mitochondria


  where respiration occurs (aerobic)

  energy is released through glucose
• chloroplast


  found in plant cells , contain chlorophyll(green pigment)

  where photosynthesis occurs, uses light energy
• ribosomes


  where protein synthesis occurs, prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic ones
• permanent vacuole


  found in plant cells, contains cells sap to keep the cells shape firm/swollen

  ( small temporary ones can be found in few animals cells)
• nucleus


  contains genetic material, DNA, controls the cells activities
• chromosomal DNA


  found in bacterial cells, loose and free in the cytoplasm, controls the cells activities
• Plasmid DNA


  small circular rings that also contain DNA in the bacterial cell, control few cell activites and can move from one bacterium to another
• flagellum


  bacterial cells dont always have this, spins like a propeller to move the bacetrial cell
• slime coat


  not always found in bacterial cells, protects the bacteria
• unicellular


  one cell
• multicellular


  multiple cells(eg plants and animal cells)
• organelle


  a part of a cell that has a function
• specialised cell


  a cell that has an adaptation to carry out a specific function
• cells carry out 7 life processes (MRSGREN)

  Movement

  Respiration

  Sensitivity

  Growth

  Reproduction

  Excretion

  Nutrition
• Bacteria cells divided by


  binary fission
• plant and animal cells divide by

  mitosis
• sperm adaptations 


  tail-to swim faster

  acromsome-enzymes to burrow through the jelly layer of the egg

  mitochondria-gives energy to the tail to swim faster

  nucleus-haploid(23 chromosomes,makes diploid after fertilisation)
• ovum(egg cell)


  thick jelly coat-to protect/stop other sperm from going in

  nucleus-haploid makes diploid after fetilisation

  cytoplasm-contains nutrients and mitochondria for growth and development of the embryo

  cell membrane-control what goes in,stops other sperm
• haploid


  contains 23 chromosomes, unpaired
• dilpoid

  contains 46 chromosomes paired
• oviduct


  -ciliated epithelial cells to move the egg across

  -cilia are tail like