midterm ap euro

Created by

Violet

Cards (63)

Who proposed the geocentric model of the universe?
Ptolemy
What does the geocentric model of the universe state?
It places Earth at the center of the universe.
Who formulated the heliocentric model?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What is the heliocentric model?
A model that places the Sun at the center of the universe.
What is the title of Copernicus's work that presented his heliocentric theory?
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
What did Johannes Kepler contribute to astronomy?
He formulated the laws of planetary motion.
Who improved the telescope and supported heliocentrism?
Galileo Galilei
What did Isaac Newton formulate?
The laws of motion and universal gravitation.
What is the title of Newton's seminal work?
Principia
What does the humoral theory propose?
The body is governed by four fluids whose balance determines health.
Who challenged traditional medicine and promoted the use of chemicals in treatment?
Paracelsus
What is Vesalius known for?
His detailed studies of human anatomy.
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
William Harvey
What is the scientific method?
A systematic approach to inquiry emphasizing observation and experimentation.
Who promoted empirical research and the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
What is inductive reasoning?
A logical process where general principles are derived from specific observations.
What is deductive reasoning?
A logical process where specific conclusions are drawn from general principles.
Who is known for the phrase "Cogito, ergo sum"?
Rene Descartes
What was the goal of alchemy?
To transform base metals into noble metals and discover the elixir of life.
What does astrology suggest?
The positions of celestial bodies can influence human affairs.
What were the developments in the Renaissance Era that contributed to the Scientific Revolution?
Revival of classical learning
Emphasis on humanism
Invention of the printing press
Advancements in mathematics and observation techniques
How did new scientific knowledge spread during the Scientific Revolution?
Through academic networks and universities
Informal gatherings like salons and coffeehouses
Impact on society included shifts in worldview
How did scientists reconcile their findings with religious beliefs?
Interpreting natural phenomena as manifestations of divine order
Galileo maintained his discoveries revealed God's creation
What is the Enlightenment?
An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.
What is rationalism?
The belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge.
What is empiricism?
The theory that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.
What is deism?
A belief in a rational God who does not intervene in the universe.
What are natural laws?
Universal principles governing human behavior and society.
What is the title of John Locke's work that argues the mind is a blank slate?
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
What does the concept of tabula rasa imply?
Individuals are born without built-in mental content.
What are natural rights?
Rights inherent to all individuals, including life, liberty, and property.
Who were the philosophes?
Enlightenment thinkers who promoted reason and scientific thought.
What was the Ancien Régime?
The political and social system in France before the Revolution.
Who was Voltaire?
A leading figure of the Enlightenment known for advocating civil liberties.
What is the title of Voltaire's work advocating for religious tolerance?
Treatise on Toleration
Who was Denis Diderot?
A philosopher and co-founder of the Encyclopédie.
What was the purpose of the Encyclopédie?
To compile and disseminate knowledge.
Who was Montesquieu?
A philosopher known for his theory of the separation of powers in government.
What is the separation of powers?
The division of government into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
What are checks and balances?
A system ensuring that each branch of government can limit the powers of the others.