Cell transport & digestion

• Bile speeds up digestion in two ways

  • It makes conditions alkaline so enzymes in the intestines work better
  • It emulsifies fat so there’s a larger surface area for lipase to work on
• Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
• Fill in the diagram:

  A) Mouth

  B) Salivary Glans

  C) Oesophagus

  D) Liver

  E) Stomach

  F) Pancreas

  G) Large Intestine

  H) Rectum

  I) Anus

  J) Appendix

  K) Lleum

  L) Duodenum

  M) Small intestine

  N) Gall bladder

  
• Organ System - A group of organs working together to perform certain functions within the body
• Organ - Made up of different tissues, working together to perform specific functions
• Tissue - A group of cells working together to perform a shared function, often with similar structure
• Cell - The basic building block of all living organisms
• At low temperatures, the enzymes/substrate molecules have a low kinetic energy, therefore there are fewer enzyme-substrate collisions so a lower rate of reaction
• When the enzyme no longer works we say it has been denatured
• High temperatures and high/low pHs change the shape of the active site so the enzyme no longer works
• Each enzyme only catalyses one specific reaction because of the unique shape of its active site which is complementary to the shape of the substate
• Enzymes are made of protein and catalyse chemical reactions
• Digestive enzymes break big, insoluble molecules down into smaller, soluble ones that they can be absorbed into the blood
• Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol and is produced in the pancreas and small intestine
• Protease breaks down protein into amino acids and is produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
• Amylase breaks down starch into sugars and is produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine