P3- Particle Model of Matter

• What is the definition of density?

  The density is defined as the mass per unit volume.
• How is density mathematically expressed?

  Density is expressed as $\rho =$$\frac{m}{V}$.
• What are the states of matter in relation to density?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas

  
• What happens to the density of a substance when it changes state?

  The density of a substance can change when it transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states.
• What is the relationship between mass and density during a change of state?

  The mass remains the same during a change of state.
• What are physical changes in relation to density?

  Physical changes involve changes in state that do not alter the chemical composition of the substance.
• What is the formula for calculating change in thermal energy?

  The formula is $\Delta Q =$$m \times c \times \Delta T$.
• What does specific heat capacity measure?

  Specific heat capacity measures the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree Celsius.
• What is the formula for specific latent heat?

  The formula is $Q =$$m \times L$.
• What is the significance of specific latent heat in phase changes?

  Specific latent heat is the energy required for a substance to change its state without changing its temperature.
• How does pressure relate to the behavior of gases?

  Pressure in gases is related to the speed of the molecules and the frequency of collisions with the walls of the container.
• What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume decreases?

  The pressure of a gas increases when its volume decreases, assuming temperature remains constant.
• What is the relationship between temperature and pressure in gases?

  As temperature increases, the pressure of a gas also increases if the volume is constant.
• What are the main states of matter and their characteristics?

  • Solid: Definite shape and volume
  • Liquid: Definite volume, takes the shape of the container
  • Gas: No definite shape or volume
• What are the effects of heating a system on its internal energy?

  • Heating increases the internal energy of a system.
  • It can raise the temperature or change the state of the system.
• What is the state of CO2 at point A?

  Solid
• What is the temperature at point B?

  0°C
• What happens to CO2 from point B to C?

  It undergoes sublimation.
• What is the state of CO2 at point C?

  Liquid
• What occurs from point D to E in the CO2 phase diagram?

  It undergoes vaporization.
• What is the state of CO2 at point E?

  Gas
• What is the relationship between pressure and gas volume?

  • Pressure increases with decreasing volume.
  • More particles in a fixed volume lead to more collisions.
  • Work done on a gas increases its temperature.
• What happens to the speed of molecules when pressure increases?

  The speed of the molecules increases.
• How does the pressure in gases relate to collisions?

  Pressure is caused by collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container.
• What is the formula for pressure in gases?

  P = F/A
• What happens when more gas is added to a fixed volume?

  Pressure increases due to more collisions with the walls.
• What occurs when the volume of a gas is decreased?

  The pressure of the gas increases.
• How does the velocity of particles affect pressure?

  Higher velocity leads to more frequent collisions, increasing pressure.
• What are the effects of doing work on a gas?

  • Increases the gas temperature.
  • Changes the volume of the gas.
  • Leads to more collisions with the walls.
• What is the relationship between the number of particles and pressure in a gas?

  More particles lead to higher pressure.
• What happens to particle momentum when they collide with a wall moving inward?

  Particles gain momentum, increasing pressure.
• How does the rebound velocity of particles affect pressure?

  Greater rebound velocity increases pressure due to more frequent collisions.