Kinetics

• What must happen for a reaction to occur according to collision theory?

  Particles must collide.
• How is the rate of reaction defined?

  Rate is the change in concentration or amount of a reactant or product per unit time.
• What is the formula for calculating the rate of reaction?

  Rate = amount of reactant used or product made / time.
• Why do most collisions between particles not lead to a reaction?

  Most collisions do not have the correct orientation or sufficient energy.
• What is activation energy?

  Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur.
• How can an energy profile diagram be used in kinetics?

  It shows the energy changes during a reaction from reactants to products.
• What does the activation energy represent on an energy profile diagram?

  It is the difference between the energy of reactants and the peak of the reaction profile.
• How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?

  Higher temperatures increase the average kinetic energy of particles, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions.
• What happens to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve when temperature increases?

  The curve shifts to the right, indicating more particles have energy greater than the activation energy.
• What is the effect of decreasing temperature on the rate of reaction?

  It results in a smaller proportion of molecules having energy greater than the activation energy.
• Why does increasing pressure affect the rate of reaction?

  Increasing pressure moves particles closer together, increasing the frequency of collisions.
• How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?

  Higher concentration means more particles in the same volume, leading to more frequent collisions.
• What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?

  A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
• What is zeolite and how does it function as a catalyst?

  Zeolite has a honeycomb structure with a large surface area, allowing for more efficient reactions.
• What are the methods to measure the rate of reaction in experiments?

  • Timing the formation of a precipitate (e.g., disappearing cross reaction)
  • Measuring mass loss for gas-producing reactions
  • Measuring the volume of gas produced using a gas syringe
• What is a limitation of using the disappearing cross method to measure reaction rate?

  It is difficult to determine exactly when the cross has disappeared, leading to potential errors.
• Why is measuring mass loss useful in reactions that produce gas?

  It allows for accurate measurement of gas produced by observing the decrease in mass.
• How can the volume of gas produced be measured in a reaction?

  By using a gas syringe to collect and measure the volume of gas over a specific time period.
• What is the conclusion of the video on kinetics?

  The video provides a concise overview of kinetics and encourages viewers to access the PowerPoints for further study.