How are sexual identities created and reinforced?

• What are the three Abrahamic religions mentioned in the study material?

  Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
• What do Abrahamic religions traditionally teach about sodomy?

  They believe and teach that sodomy is sinful
• What values do religions stem from regarding sexual behavior?

  Values like celibacy, monogamy, and heterosexuality
• How do religions define normal and healthy sex?

  As heterosexual, married, monogamous, and intended for reproduction
• What types of sexual behavior have been labeled as abnormal by many religions?

  Polyamorous and homosexual sex, as well as sex outside of marriage
• What does Leviticus 18:22 from the Bible state about male homosexual relations?

  “You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination”
• What does Sura 7, Verse 80-81 of the Quran say about homosexual behavior?

  “Indeed, you approach men with desire, instead of women. Rather, you are a transgressing people.”
• What does Leviticus 20:33 in the Torah state about men lying with men?

  “Both of them have committed a detestable act: They shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.”
• Who is the researcher mentioned in relation to media and sexuality?

  Gerbner
• What is heteronormativity?

  The idea that heterosexuality is the most normal and desirable form of sexuality
• How are media representations of sexuality characterized in Britain?

  They are overwhelmingly heterosexual in character
• What does Gerbner argue about the media's portrayal of gays and lesbians?

  That the media participates in the symbolic annihilation of gays and lesbians
• What does Craig suggest about the portrayal of homosexual characters in the media?

  They are often stereotyped with particular amusing or negative psychological and social characteristics
• What are the three most common stereotypes of gay men in the media according to Craig?

  • CAMPNESS: Feminine mannerisms
  • MACHO: Exaggerated masculinity
  • DEVIANT: Evil or devious characters
• What is the most widely used representation of gay men in entertainment media?

  Campness
• How are macho gay men characterized in the media?

  By exaggerated masculinity
• How are deviant gay men typically portrayed in television dramas?

  As evil, devious, or sexual predators
• What psychological and social characteristics are often associated with stereotyped homosexual characters?

  They are often portrayed with amusing or negative traits