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• What is sensation?

  Sensation is the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system.
• Where are sensory receptors located?

  Sensory receptors are located in sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and skin.
• How is the stimulation of the senses described?

  Stimulation of the senses is an automatic process.
• What is perception?

  Perception is an active process in which sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world.
• How does perception relate to experience and expectations?

  Perception reflects our experiences and expectations as it makes sense of sensory stimuli.
• What are the five senses?

  The five senses are vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
• What does the sense of touch include?

  The sense of touch includes pressure, warmth, cold, and pain.
• What is the absolute threshold?

  The absolute threshold is the weakest level of a stimulus necessary to produce a sensation.
• What is an example of an absolute threshold?

  The absolute threshold for light is the minimum brightness required to activate the visual sensory system.
• Who is associated with the concept of absolute threshold?

  Gustav Fechner is associated with the concept of absolute threshold.
• What is subliminal stimulation?

  Subliminal stimulation is sensory stimulation that is below a person’s absolute threshold for conscious perception.
• Who is associated with subliminal stimulation?

  John B. Watson is associated with subliminal stimulation.
• What can happen to visual stimuli?

  Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly to enable us to process them.
• What can happen to auditory stimuli?

  Auditory stimuli can be played at a volume too low to consciously hear or can be played backward.
• What is the difference threshold?

  The difference threshold is the minimum difference in magnitude of two stimuli required to tell them apart.
• What is Weber's constant for light?

  The threshold for perceiving differences in the intensity of light is about 2%, known as Weber's constant for light.
• Who is associated with the difference threshold?

  Ernst Weber is associated with the difference threshold.
• What is just noticeable difference (jnd)?

  Just noticeable difference (jnd) is the minimum difference in stimuli that a person can detect.
• If you can lift a 100-pound barbell, how much additional weight must be added for you to notice a difference?

  You would not notice a difference until about two pounds were added.
• What are people most sensitive to in terms of sound?

  People are most sensitive to changes in the pitch (frequency) of sounds.
• What is the Weber constant for pitch?

  The Weber constant for pitch is 1/333.
• What is the average detection threshold for saltiness?

  On average, people cannot detect differences in saltiness of less than 20%.
• What does signal-detection theory suggest?

  Signal-detection theory suggests that detection of stimuli depends on intensity, training, motivation, and psychological states.
• Who discovered feature detectors in the brain?

  David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered feature detectors in the brain.
• What are feature detectors?

  Feature detectors are brain cells that fire in response to particular features of visual input.
• What is sensory adaptation?

  Sensory adaptation refers to the processes by which we become more sensitive to stimuli of low magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that remain the same.
• What is sensitization in sensory adaptation?

  Sensitization is the process of becoming more sensitive to stimulation.
• What is desensitization in sensory adaptation?

  Desensitization is the process of becoming less sensitive to stimulation.
• Why are our eyes considered "windows on the world"?

  Because vision is our dominant sense.
• What is the significance of blindness in terms of sensory loss?

  Blindness is considered by many to be the most debilitating sensory loss.
• What triggers visual sensations?

  Visible light triggers visual sensations.
• What is visible light in relation to electromagnetic energy?

  Visible light is just one small part of a spectrum of electromagnetic energy that surrounds us.
• What are cosmic rays?

  Cosmic rays are wavelengths of energy from outer space that are only a few trillionths of an inch long.
• How do radio waves compare to visible light?

  Some radio signals extend for miles, while visible light has much shorter wavelengths.
• Why do different colors appear different?

  Different colors have different wavelengths, with violet being the shortest and red being the longest.
• Who discovered that sunlight could be broken down into different colors?

  Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight could be broken down into different colors using a prism.
• What determines the color or hue of visible light?

  The wavelength of visible light determines its color or hue.
• What is the role of the iris in the eye?

  The iris is a muscular membrane that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.
• What is the pupil?

  The pupil is the black-looking opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.
• What is the function of the lens in the eye?

  The lens is a transparent body behind the iris that focuses an image on the retina.