L5.2.4.2.1.1.1: Oral Contraceptive Pills

• Available in:

  Progestin-Only (Progestin = Synthetic version of Progesterone)

  ○ “Mini-Pills”

  ○ Work similarly to combination pills since they prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, and thin uterine lining.

  ○ Come in 35-Day Packets

  ○ Prevention of ovulation is LESS consistent.
• Available in: Combination (Estrogen and Progestin)

  ○ Prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, and thin uterine lining.

  ○ Come in 21 - 28 Day Packets

  ○ Sometimes prescribed to treat hormonal imbalance in women for a normal menstrual cycle.

  ○ MORE consistent because of Progesterone and Estrogen
• Progesterone - Main mechanism of action is the prevention of ovulation and inhibition of follicular development by:

  ➔ Negative feedback at the hypothalamus decreases the frequency of GNRH, thus reducing FSH and LH.
• Estrogen - Also inhibits follicular development by:

  ➔ Negative feedback on the anterior pituitary with slowed FSH secretion.
• Who Can Use Oral Contraceptives?

  For women:

  ● Ages 18-35 years old

  ● With heavy and painful menstruation
• How To Use Oral Contraceptives

  Pills are taken per oren daily preferably at the same time of the day:

  ● Initial dose is taken at day 1 or at any day from day 1 to day 5 of the menstrual cycle

  ● 1 tablet daily until the whole contents of the package are consumed
• Placebo Pills:

  ● For 28-Day Packs, the last pills do not have any hormones in them. (Usually the last 7 pills)

  ● These remind you to take your pills everyday and start your pack at the

  right time.

  ● They contain iron and other supplements

  
• Effectiveness 99.7% Effective (Regular drinking)