Biology paper 1 - infection & response

• What is a micro- organism? (VPBF)

  Virus, Protist , bacteris , fungus
• what is a pathogen?

  Micro-organism causing disease
• What is bacteria? 


  micro- organisms that reproduce inside the host , releases toxins that cause illness
• What is a virus? 


  invade the host cells, reproduce + burst = damage cell tissue
• What is a communicable disease? 


  Can be spread from person to person
• What is a non communicable disease? 


  Can’t be spread from person to person
• What are the 5 modes of transmission?

  Direct contact

  vector

  Air borne

  Water borne

  Food borne
• give an example of direct contact


  Sharing needles, cough, sneeze
• Give an example of a vector 


  Mosquito bite , insect bite
• give an example of food borne 


  Undercooked food/poor preparation/storage
• What is an explame of water borne 


  Dirty water
• What type of disease is salmonella?

  bacterium
• How is salmonella caused?!

  undercooked poultry
• What are the symptoms of salmonella

  vomiting , dihorrea
• How can salmonella be treated and prevented

  Antibiotics, fluids , cooked food
• What type of disease of Gonorrehea

  Bacterium
• how is gonorreha transmitted?

  unprotected sex
• what are the symptoms of gonorrehea

  Pain when weeing
• how can gonorrehea be treated and prevented?

  Antibiotics, protected sex
• What type of disease is malaria

  Protist
• How is malaria spread

  mosquito bite
• What are some symtoms of malaria

  Fever, vomit, headache
• How can malaria be treated and prevented

  Antibiotics , mosquito repellent
• what type of disease is HIV

  virus
• How is HIV transmitted?

  Sex , sharing needles
• What are some symptoms of HIV

  AIDS, damages immunity
• how can HIV be treated and prevented

  Anti viral drugs, protected sex
• What type of disease is measles 


  Virus
• How is measles transmitted

  Air borne, coughs sneezes
• what are some symptoms of measles

  Red skin rash
• How can measles be treated and prevented

  Painkillers , MMR vaccine
• What does MMR stand for

  Measles , Mumps and Rubella
• What are two types of plant disease

  Tobacco mosaic virus , Rose Black Spot fungus
• How is TMV transmitted?

  Direct contact
• what are symtoms of TMV

  Mosaic pattern, prevents photosynthesis
• how is RBSF transmitted?

  Spores Carried by the wind
• What are the symptoms of RBSF

  Purple spots on leaves
• What is the first line of defence? 


  Nose

  Skin

  Trachea + Bronchi

  Stomach
• What is the second line of defence?

  the immune system attacks invading pathogen
• What do white blood cells do? 


  1. Engulf/digest pathogen
  2. Produce specific antigens to kill it
  3. Produce antitoxins to destroy bacteria toxins