Synthetic routes

• Alkene to Haloalkane?


  Hydrogen halide
• Alkene to Alkane?


  H2/Ni catalyst
• Alkane to haloalkane?


  Halogen and UV light
• Haloalkane to nitrile?


  CN- and ethanol
• Haloalkane to amine?


  NH3 and ethanol
• Haloalkane to Alcohol?


  NaOH
• Alcohol to haloalkane?

  Sodium halide/H2SO4
• Alcohol to alkene?


  H3PO4/H2SO4 and heat
• Nitrile to Amine?


  H2/Ni catalyst
• Secondary alcohol to Ketone?

  K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (reflux)
• Ketone to Alcohol?


  NaBH4
• Ketone to hydroxynitrile?


  NaCN/H+
• Hydroxynitrile to Amine?


  H2/Ni
• Aldehyde to carboxylic acid?


  K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (reflux)
• Alcohol to ester?


  Acid anhydride/Carboxylic acid (H2SO4)
• Carboxylic acid to ester?


  Alcohol/H2SO4
• Ester to carboxylic acid?


  Dilute acid/Heat
• Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride?


  SOCl2
• Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic acid?


  H2O
• Acyl chloride to primary amide?


  NH3
• Acyl chloride to secondary amine?


  Primary amine
• Acyl chloride to Ester?


  Alcohol
• Ester to carboxylate?


  OH- and heat
• Aldehyde to alcohol?


  NaBH4