Urban

• What is urbanisation


  A process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities
• What is urban growth


  The expansion of urban areas
• What is rural urban migration


  The movement of people from rural to urban areas
• What is a megacity


  A city with a population over 10 million
• What is the proportion of urbanisation


  Around 57% of people live in urban areas but HIC's have about 77% in urban areas and LIC's have about 35% in urban areas
• Where are the fastest growing megacities located


  South east Asia and Africa
• Where are the slowest growing mega cities?


  Europe and North America
• Why is urbanisation happening


  Natural increase

  Rural urban migration (push and pull factors)
• Push factors for rural urban migration


  Disease

  Drought

  Genocide

  Poverty
• Pull factors for rural urban migration


  Reliable food

  Better paid jobs

  The NHS

  Mains water supply
• What is a major LIC


  Rio De Janeiro
• Where is Rio De Janeiro


  It is in Brazil which is in South America on the coast of the Atlantic ocean and is built up around Guanabara bay
• Global importance of Rio de Janeiro

  Location of 2014 world cup and 2016 Olympics

  One of the most visited cities in southern hemisphere

  Christ the redeemer is one of the 7 new wonders of the world
• Regional importance of Rio De Janeiro


  A major port, exports coffee sugar and iron ore

  Main service industries like banking and finance here

  Brazil's second most important industrial centre with 5% of GDP

  Main manufacturing industries in chemicals pharmaceuticals and clothing here
• Why has Rio Grown


  Rio has grown rapidly over the past 50 years due to it being a industrial and commercial centre and also a tourist attraction
• Why has Rios population grown


  Many people migrate in

  They come from other parts of Brazil like the Amazon basin

  They come from the rest of South America like Argentina

  From South Korea and China

  And also skilled workers from UK and America
• Map of Rio De Janeiro

  
• What are the challenges of Urban Growth


  Conflict

  Pollution

  Poverty

  Housing quality

  Education problems

  Energy problems
• What is a favela


  Slum housing / Shanty towns in Brazil
• Characteristics of a favela


  Uneven architecture

  Sloped landscape

  Poor state of repair

  Tight dark always

  Densely packed

  Dirty streets
• Example of a favela in Rio

  Rocinha
• Challenges in Rocinha


  Construction- Houses are poorly constructed since they are illegally built. They are built on steep slopes and don't have road accessUnemployment- Unemployment rates are as high as 20%. Some jobs badly paid with random hours. Informal work. Low wagesCrime- Murder rate of 20 per 1000 people. Lots of drug gangs. Inhabitants don't trust the policeHealth- Bad healthcare and population density of 35000 per km. Infant mortality of 50 per 1000
• Background info of Rocinha


  Largest Favela in Rio

  10% of homes don't have water or electricity

  Has facilities like shops bars and McDonalds
• What is the UPP


  Pacifying police unit. Removes gangs
• Why has Rio economically grown


  2nd most important industrial centre in Rio

  6% of GDP

  Retail sector, finance sector, Oil industries, Steelworks

  Informal market makes 16.1% of GDP
• How has economic growth improved living conditions


  Improvements in roads transport services and infostructure. Companies are attracted providing economic opportunities
• How are their healthcare opportunities in Rio


  Health improvements have meant that doctors and medical teams have been visiting people in favelas to treat them.Infant mortality has fallen and life expectancy has risen
• Why is rio important?


  -coffee, sugar and iron exports

  -statue of christ is seven wonders of the world

  -produces 5% of Brazil's GDP

  -2014 World Cup, 2016 Olympics
• Why has Rio grown?


  Economic activities attract migrants from many different places, including:

  - the Amazon Basin

  - Argentina and Bolivia

  - South Korea and China seeking new business opportunities

  - Portugal because of the common language

  - Skilled workers from the USA and UK
• What percent of people had a family health clinic in 2015?


  55%
• How has healthcare been improved in Rio?


  Medical staff take medical kits into peoples homes to detect and treat diseases.
• How many children continue education after 14.


  50%
• Why is children dropping out a problem?


  They get involved in drug trafficking and crime.
• Why do children drop out of school.

  No schools nearby

  Lack of money and need for work

  Shortage of teachers
• How have they tried to keep children in school.

  Giving grants to poorer families to pay for education.

  Free sports and games.

  Opening more schools.
• What percent of people do not have a clean water supply.


  12%
• What percent of water is lost through pipes.


  37%
• What have they done about water issues.

  They have built 7 new water treatment plants and lad over 300km of pipe.
• What are energy problems in Rio


  Frequent blackouts across the city due to energy demand.

  People illegally tap into energy which is very unsafe.
• How have they tried to solve the energy problems in Rio.


  Installing 60km of power lines.

  Building a nuclear generator.

  developing Simplício hydro electric complex. Increases energy supply by 30%.