Cataracts

• What are cataracts?

  Cataracts are cloudy patches that develop on the lens of the eye.
• How do cataracts affect vision?

  They cause blurry, misty vision and can eventually lead to blindness.
• How does the lens of the eye change as we age?

  It becomes frosted, limiting our vision.
• At what age do proteins in the lens of the eye start to break down?

  After age 40.
• What are some factors that increase the likelihood of developing cataracts?

  Family history, diabetes, serious eye injury, eye surgery, steroids, and radiation treatment.
• What lifestyle choices can accelerate the formation of cataracts?

  Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and prolonged sun exposure without sunglasses.
• What is the first step in diagnosing cataracts?

  Your eye doctor will review your medical history and symptoms.
• What does a vision test measure?

  It measures how well you can read a series of letters using an eye chart.
• What is a slit lamp exam used for?

  It allows the eye doctor to see the structures at the front of your eye up close.
• What is the purpose of dilating the pupils during a retinal exam?

  To make it easier to see the retina.
• What does applanation tonometry measure?

  It measures fluid pressure in your eye.
• What is the initial treatment for mild cataracts?

  Stronger glasses and brighter reading lights may help temporarily.
• What is the only proven effective treatment for cataracts?

  Surgery to remove and replace the affected lens.
• How long does cataract surgery typically take?

  30 to 45 minutes.
• What type of anesthesia is usually used for cataract surgery?

  Local anaesthetic.
• What type of lens is typically offered by the NHS after cataract surgery?

  Monofocal lenses, which have a single point of focus.
• What is the difference between monofocal and multifocal lenses?

  Monofocal lenses focus on either near or distance vision, while multifocal lenses allow focus on both.
• What is the typical recovery process after cataract surgery?

  Surgery is done 6 to 12 weeks apart to allow recovery one eye at a time.
• What are the steps involved in cataract diagnosis?

  1. Review medical history and symptoms
  2. Conduct a vision test
  3. Perform an eye structure exam using a slit lamp
  4. Conduct a retinal exam with pupil dilation
  5. Measure fluid pressure in the eye
• What are the main types of lenses available after cataract surgery?

  • Monofocal lenses: single point of focus
  • Multifocal lenses: focus on both near and distant objects
  • Accommodating lenses: adjust focus automatically