The Psychodynamic Approach

• Who is the psychologist most people can name, even if they haven't studied psychology?

  Sigmund Freud
• What is the name of Freud's approach to psychology?

  Psychodynamics
• Why were Freud's theories influential despite being rejected by most psychologists today?

  They contributed to the development of later theories and approaches
• What popular form of counseling did Freud develop?

  Psychotherapy
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  • Flashcards
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  • Over 17 hours of exclusive exam tutorial videos
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• What does the conscious mind include according to Freud?

  Ideas, decisions, and emotions
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts and memories not currently conscious but can be brought to awareness
• What is the largest part of the mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• What is psychic determinism?

  The idea that the unconscious mind drives conscious behavior and shapes personality
• What are the three parts of the mind according to Freud?

  Conscious mind, preconscious, and unconscious
• What happens if a child becomes fixated at a psychosexual stage?

  It can alter their personality and lead to mental disorders
• What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

  1. Oral stage (0-1 years)
  2. Anal stage (1-3 years)
  3. Phallic stage (3-5 years)
  4. Latency stage (6-12 years)
  5. Genital stage (12 years and onward)
• What is the focus of pleasure during the oral stage?

  The mouth, particularly during breastfeeding
• What can result from strict potty training during the anal stage?

  Anal-retentive personality traits
• What complex do boys experience during the phallic stage?

  The Oedipus complex
• What is castration anxiety?

  A fear that the father will remove the boy's genitals
• What do girls experience during the phallic stage according to Freud?

  Penis envy
• What happens during the latency stage?

  Sexual energy is dispersed and early conflicts are repressed
• What are defense mechanisms?

  Strategies used by the ego to manage conflicts between the ID and super ego
• What is repression?

  Placing unpleasant memories into the unconscious mind
• What is denial in the context of defense mechanisms?

  Refusing to accept the reality of a situation
• What is displacement in the context of defense mechanisms?

  Shifting strong emotions from the source to a substitute target
• Why do many psychologists reject Freud's theories today?

  They lack scientific credibility and are often based on subjective interpretations
• What is the significance of Freud's focus on early childhood experience?

  It was groundbreaking and influenced later psychological theories
• What is the criticism regarding the falsifiability of Freud's theories?

  Many of his theories cannot be tested or proven wrong
• What are some practical applications of psychodynamics?

  • Psychoanalysis as a form of talking therapy
  • Understanding defense mechanisms in behavior
  • Exploring early childhood experiences in therapy
• What is the conclusion of the meta-analysis by Dmats regarding psychoanalytic therapy?

  It supports the effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy
• What is the role of the ego in psychodynamics?

  To mediate between the demands of the ID and the super ego
• How does Freud explain criminal behavior?

  Due to an overdeveloped, underdeveloped, or deviant super ego
• What is the significance of the iceberg metaphor in Freud's theory?

  It illustrates the small fraction of thoughts we are aware of compared to the unconscious mind
• What is the role of the super ego?

  To impose moral standards and cause feelings of guilt
• What happens if the super ego is too weak?

  It may lead to criminal behavior
• What happens if the super ego is too strong?

  The individual may commit crimes to justify extreme guilt
• What is the relationship between early childhood experiences and personality development according to Freud?

  Early experiences shape personality and can lead to fixation
• What is the role of libido in Freud's psychosexual stages?

  It moves around the body and is linked to pleasure from different body parts
• How does Freud's theory of psychosexual stages relate to adult neuroses?

  Unresolved conflicts during stages can lead to neuroses in adulthood
• What is the significance of the oral stage in personality development?

  It teaches delayed gratification and control over the environment
• What is the impact of fixation at the anal stage?

  It can result in an overly organized and fussy personality
• What does Freud suggest about the relationship between the ID and super ego?

  They often conflict, requiring the ego to mediate