changing economic world

• GNI

  gross national income

  countrys total earnings
• GDI


  gross domestic income

  country's total earnings internally
• how is quality of life measured


  happiness

  opportunities

  wellbeing
• standard of living


  measurable aspects of quality of life
• DTM - stage 1


  • high birth rate
  • high death rate
  • 1750 UK
  • rainforest tribes
• stage 2 DTM


  • high birth rate
  • decreasing death rate
  • 1800 UK
  • Afghanistan
• stage 3 DTM


  decreasing birth rate

  Low death rate

  present UK

  USA
• stage 4 DTM


  decreasing birth rate

  increasing slowly death rate

  germany
• HDI


  human development index

  • life expectancy
  • average education
  • GNI
• development gap casues


  political instability

  climate

  natural resources

  landlocked

  colonisation / historical

  natural disasters

  conflict

  trade rules
• primary industry


  collecting raw materials
• secondary industry


  manufacturing
• tertiary industry


  providing a service
• quaternary industry


  acquiring new knowledge
• diversification


  gaining income from variety of different sources
• 2014 - how much of Jamaicas income from tourism


  24%

  will rise to 34%
• how many jobs tourism in jamaica


  200,000 jobs
• what improved in jamaica because of tourism


  infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports
• problem with Jamaicas tourism jobs

  seasonal and low paid
• problem with all inclusive hotels in jamaica


  visitors spend less
• only north of jamaica has benefited
• investment 


  countries and TNCs choose to invest money and expertise in LICs to increase profits. can provide employment and income from abroad
• tourism


  generates income and awareness for a country - investment from abroad - used for education and infrastructure - jamaica
• aid


  the giving of resources from one country / NGO to another. Oxfam helps African families to buy family goat
• intermediate tech


  sustainable technology that's appropriate to other needs, skills, knowledge, wealth, or local environment
• fairtrade

  an organisation to help people selling raw materials get a fairer deal out of the global trade system
• how is fair trade helping farmers


  • diversify
  • part of a co-operative
  • empowered
  • guarantees minimum price for them
  • develops business skills
• why is fair-trade good for economy


  • helps island make more money and grow
  • gives jobs
  • lends money for community projects
  • invests in schools
• microfinance 


  small scale loans given to help people improve an existing business or to set up new source of income

  $10-200
• debt relief


  agreement to cancel debts/loans taken as a country

  • earning stays in country and can be spent on improvements such as health and education
• nigeria location


  west africa
• global importance of nigeria


  • largest economy in Africa - highest GDP
  • 2050: projected to be in 20 largest economies
  • oil supplies 2.7% of worlds oil
  • lagos is big economic hub
  • 5th largest contributor of UN peacekeeping mission
• regional importance of nigeria


  • fastest growing economy in Africa
  • largest manufacturing sector
  • 182 million population - largest in africa
  • 70% employed in agriculture
  • highest farm output in Africa - over 19 million cattle
• politcal context of nigeria


  china is investing majorly in construction

  South Africa in banks

  1967-70; series of dictatorships affected Nigerias development
• social context of nigeria


  economic inequality between north and south has created new religious and ethnic tensions such as rise of boko haram - unstable situation - impact on economy = reduction in abroad investment
• environmental context 


  • north - semi desert
  • south - high temperatures - hard to keep cattle due to tsetse fly - lethal parasite
• nigerias economy changing

  • primary sector - agriculture decline - machinery replace workers
  • secondary - industry increased since 1999 due to increased employment
  • tertiary - growth in retail
• why is manufacturing so good for development of nigeria


  • regular paid work provides larger home market for electrical appliances
  • stimulates growth through close links with each other ( companies supply parts to make cars - both companies benefit )
  • more people employed - revenue from taxes increase
  • oil processing created chemical by products - chemical industries increase
• effects of economic development on environment

  • 2008 - Bodo oil spill
  • polluted farmland = polluted crops
  • fishfarms destroyed
  • 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled
  • 240,000 barrels of oil leak every year
  • 2015 - shell agreed to pay $55 million companies to individuals of Bodo
• quality of life - economic dev


  • access to education
  • access to clean water
  • Infrastructure improvement
  • better access to healthcare = life expectancy increased