Filtration, Crystallisation and Evaporation C1

• What are the techniques used to separate solids from liquids?

  Filtration, evaporation, and crystallization
• What is a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid called?

  A mixture
• What is formed when a soluble solid dissolves in a liquid?

  A solution
• In the context of solutions, what is sodium chloride referred to?

  Solute
• What is the role of water in a solution of sodium chloride?

  Solvent
• How does filtration work in separating solids from liquids?

  It uses filter paper to allow liquids to pass while retaining solids
• What is the purpose of a filter funnel in filtration?

  To easily pour the mixture through the filter paper
• What happens to a soluble solid in a liquid during filtration?

  It cannot be separated by filtration
• What is the first step in the evaporation process for separating a soluble solid?

  Place the solution in an evaporating dish or crucible
• What is the role of the Bunsen burner in evaporation?

  To gently heat the solution
• What occurs as the solvent evaporates during evaporation?

  The remaining solution becomes more concentrated
• What is a potential issue with using evaporation to separate solids?

  Some solids may decompose when heated
• What is the alternative technique to evaporation for separating solids that decompose?

  Crystallization
• What is the first step in the crystallization process?

  Heat the solution gently in an evaporation dish
• Why do crystals start to form during crystallization?

  Because solids are less soluble at colder temperatures
• What is done after crystals form in the crystallization process?

  Filter out the crystals from the remaining solution
• How can crystals be dried after filtration?

  By leaving them somewhere warm or warming them in an oven
• What are the steps involved in the evaporation process for separating a soluble solid?

  1. Place the solution in an evaporating dish or crucible.
  2. Heat the solution gently with a Bunsen burner.
  3. Allow the solvent to evaporate, concentrating the solution.
  4. Collect the dry crystals left behind.
• What are the steps involved in the crystallization process for separating a soluble solid?

  1. Place the solution in an evaporation dish.
  2. Heat gently, possibly using a water bath.
  3. Stop heating when crystals start to form.
  4. Allow the solution to cool for more crystals to form.
  5. Filter out the crystals from the remaining solution.
  6. Dry the crystals by warming or leaving them in a warm place.