Distillation C1

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned in the video?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, beaker, and heating device
• Why is the flask sealed with a bung in simple distillation?

  To prevent gas from escaping
• What is the function of the thermometer in the distillation setup?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  It cools and condenses vapor into liquid form
• What happens to the vapor as it passes through the condenser?

  It cools and condenses into liquid
• What is left in the flask after simple distillation of seawater?

  Salt
• Why can't simple distillation be used for mixtures of liquids like methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  Because they have similar boiling points
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To allow for better separation of liquids with similar boiling points
• How does the height of the fractionating column affect the distillation process?

  A taller column is cooler at the top, aiding in separation
• What happens to methanol when the mixture is heated to around 65 degrees Celsius?

  Methanol evaporates and rises up the fractionating column
• What occurs to ethanol and propanol as methanol rises in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid and fall back into the flask
• What is the next step after collecting methanol in fractional distillation?

  To raise the temperature to around 78 degrees Celsius to collect ethanol
• What can be assumed about the contents of the flask after collecting ethanol?

  That it contains mostly pure propanol
• What is the final step in the fractional distillation process for propanol?

  To raise the temperature again to boil off the propanol
• What are the key features of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  • Full of little glass rods for high surface area
  • Cooler at the top than at the bottom
• What are the differences between simple distillation and fractional distillation?

  Simple Distillation:

  • Used for separating a liquid from a solution
  • Directly connects flask to condenser

  
  

  Fractional Distillation:

  • Used for separating mixtures of liquids with similar boiling points
  • Includes a fractionating column