AP world unit 3

• What time period does Unit 3 for AP World History cover regarding land-based empires?

  1450 to 1750
• What is a common characteristic of the land-based empires discussed in this unit?

  They derived their power from the extent of their territorial holdings.
• How do land-based empires differ from sea-based empires?

  Land-based empires gain power from territorial holdings, while sea-based empires gain power from maritime control.
• What was the main cause of expansion for these land-based empires during this period?

  The militaristic use of gunpowder.
• What term is often used to refer to empires that expanded through the use of gunpowder?

  Gunpowder Empires
• What significant event marked the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in 1453?

  The sack of Constantinople.
• Who was the Ottoman Sultan that led the siege of Constantinople?

  Sultan Mehmed II
• What strategic location did the Ottoman Empire control that aided their expansion?

  The Dardanelles Strait.
• When was the Safavid Empire established?

  At the beginning of the 1500s.
• What significant declaration did Shah Ismail make regarding the Safavid Empire?

  He declared it a Shia Muslim state.
• Why was the declaration of the Safavid Empire as a Shia state significant?

  It put them in direct conflict with neighboring Sunni Muslim empires.
• Who was the leader of the Mughal Empire that replaced the Delhi Sultanate?

  Babur
• What was Babur's approach to expanding the Mughal Empire?

  He used an expanding military armed with gunpowder weapons.
• Who was Babur's grandson and what was he known for?

  Akbar, known for his religious tolerance and administrative skills.
• What dynasty was established in China after the decline of Mongol rule?

  The Ming Dynasty.
• What was the ethnic background of the Ming Dynasty?

  Ethnically Han.
• What led to the rise of the Qing Dynasty?

  The fall of the Ming Dynasty due to internal divisions and external wars.
• Who established the Qing Dynasty?

  The Manchu people.
• What was a significant action taken by Qing rulers after establishing their dynasty?

  They launched a 40-year campaign of conquest.
• What were the main reasons for conflicts between the land-based empires?

  Conflicting religious beliefs and political goals.
• What was the Safavid-Mughal conflict primarily about?

  Religious rivalry and territorial expansion.
• What was the outcome of the Safavid-Mughal conflict?

  There was no clear victory.
• What led to the conflict between the Songhai Empire and the Moroccan Kingdom?

  The Moroccan Kingdom sought control over trade routes due to the Songhai's internal problems.
• What advantage did the Moroccan Kingdom have over the Songhai Empire in their conflict?

  Gunpowder weapons.
• How did the internal problems of the Songhai Empire affect its conflict with Morocco?

  They weakened the Songhai, making them vulnerable to invasion.
• When was the Ottoman Empire founded?

  In the 14th century.
• What regions were under Ottoman control by the beginning of the period?

  Much of Southwestern Europe and Anatolia.
• What was the new name given to Constantinople by the Ottomans?

  Istanbul.
• How did Shah Abbas contribute to the Safavid Empire?

  He expanded the military and adopted gunpowder weapons.
• What was the significance of Akbar's rule in the Mughal Empire?

  He made the empire prosperous and was tolerant of religious beliefs.
• What was the Ming Dynasty known for in East Asia?

  Establishing peace and order.
• How did the Qing Dynasty come to power?

  By invading and taking advantage of the fractured Ming Dynasty.
• What territories did the Qing rulers claim after establishing their dynasty?

  All former Ming territory, including Taiwan and parts of Mongolia.
• What was the ethnic composition of the Qing rulers compared to the majority of China's population?

  The Manchu were not ethnically Han, which caused tension.
• What time period does the study material focus on regarding land-based Empires?

  1450 to 1750
• What are the two key concepts discussed in the study material related to rulers of land-based Empires?

  Legitimization and consolidation of power
• What does it mean for rulers to legitimize their power?

  It refers to the methods used to communicate authority to their subjects
• What does it mean for rulers to consolidate their power?

  It refers to the methods used to take power from other groups
• What is a bureaucracy?

  • A collection of government officials
  • Ensures laws are kept throughout the Empire
  • Grows larger as the Empire expands
• What specific system did the Ottoman Empire use to staff their Imperial bureaucracy?

  The devshirme system