CPR

• what does CPR stands for 


  cardiac pulmonary resuscitation
• what is the main goal for CPR?


  Is to keep blood and oxygen moving through the body when the heart stops this help keep the brain and other organs alive
• 1. what are the five H reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

  hypoxia, hypovolaemia, hypothermia , hypo/hyperkalemia and hydrogen ions ( acidosis )
• what are the 5 Ts of reversable cardiac causes 


  tension pneumothorax, toxins, tamponade (cardiac), thrombosis (pulmonary) and thrombosis (coronary)
• how to treat hypoxia


  • administer oxygen
  • clear airways
  • sit the pt in a upright position
  • treat underlying causes for example if someone has asthma , ask them to take their inhaler
• How to treat hypokalemia

  IV potassium replacement ( slow infusion to avoid arrhythmias)

  Monitor ECG
• What is hypovolemia

  Severe blood or fluid loss
• How to treat hypovolemia

  Rapid IV fluid resuscitation ( normal saline )

  Blood transfusion if hemorrhagis shock
• How to treat hydrogen ions ( Acidosis , ph imbalance )

  Respiratory acidosis - improve ventilation ( bag mask, intubation )

  Metaboilc Acidosis - Administer sodium bicarbonate if severe
• How to treat hyperkalemia

  Calcium chloride ( stabilises cardiac membrane )

  Insulin & glucose ( shifts potassium into cells )

  Diuretics or dialysis ( to remove excess potassium )
• How to treat hypothermia

  Warming blankets

  Warm IV fluids
• what is tension pneumothorax

  Air trapped in pleural space
• how to treat tension pneumothorax

  Chest tube insertion
• How to treat toxins

  Administer antidotes ( e,g naloxone for opioids )
• How to treat thrombosis ( Myocardial infarction )

  Administer aspirin , heparin , beta blockers

  Angioplasty