social influence

• What is the agentic state in the context of obedience?

  Feeling responsibility is taken away by authority
• What is the authoritarian personality?

  Values rules and has rigid beliefs
• How is the authoritarian personality measured?

  Using the F scale questionnaire
• What correlation exists between the F scale and obedience in Milgram's study?

  Higher F scale scores correlate with obedience
• What are some limitations of the F scale in measuring authoritarian personality?

  • Correlation does not imply causation
  • May not apply to all obedient individuals
  • Methodological issues with the questionnaire
• What is social support in the context of resistance to social influence?

  • Presence of others who resist conformity
  • Helps individuals feel empowered to disobey
• Why is it unlikely that all Nazi soldiers had the same personality type?

  Not all obeyed commands due to personality.
• What methodological problems exist with the s scale?

  It may test agreeableness, not authoritarianism.
• What is a factor that improves resistance to social influence?

  Social support from dissenters.
• Who conducted the study with electric shocks related to obedience?

  Milgram
• What is locus of control according to Rutter Frost?

  Belief in control over life events.
• What distinguishes internal locus of control from external locus of control?

  Internal locus believes in personal control.
• How do individuals with an internal locus of control respond to failure?

  They blame themselves for their mistakes.
• How do individuals with an external locus of control typically respond to failure?

  They blame outside factors for their mistakes.
• What did Alan and Levine find regarding dissenters in conformity studies?

  Dissenters decrease conformity levels.
• What did Gamson's study reveal about social support in obedience?

  Social support reduces obedience levels.
• What percentage of participants with an internal locus of control did not continue in Milgram's study?

  37%
• What percentage of participants with an external locus of control did not continue in Milgram's study?

  23%
• What did Twinge's meta-analysis find about resistance to obedience over time?

  Resistance to obedience increased over time.
• What is minority influence?

  How a smaller group affects a larger group.
• Who conducted the key study on minority influence?

  Moscovici
• What was the main finding of Moscovici's study regarding consistent minorities?

  Consistent minorities significantly influence majorities.
• What was the percentage of trials where real participants said the slide was green when the minority was consistent?

  1. 42%
• What happens to minority influence when the minority message is inconsistent?

  Influence drops significantly.
• What is the augmentation process in minority influence?

  Showing commitment to a cause.
• What is the snowball effect in minority influence?

  Gradual increase in support for a cause.
• What did Moscovici's meta-analysis reveal about consistency in minority influence?

  Consistency has a significant impact.
• What is a criticism of Moscovici's study regarding its participants?

  It only included female participants.
• What is social change in the context of minority influence?

  Applying minority influence to change majority views.
• What is an example of social change driven by minority influence?

  The suffragette movement.
• What is the role of gaining attention in social change?

  To raise awareness for a cause.
• What does deeper processing refer to in social change?

  Majority starts thinking about the issue.
• What is the augmentation principle in social change?

  Willingness to sacrifice for a message.
• What is social kryptoniva in the context of social change?

  Forgetting past struggles as norms change.
• What is a criticism of the research on minority influence regarding its realism?

  Tasks lack mundane realism.
• What did Nolan's study reveal about normative social influence?

  It can enhance minority influence.
• How did Nolan demonstrate normative social influence in his study?

  By showing others were saving energy.