homestasis : controll of blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  Insulin triggers body cells to take up glucose and store it as glycogen
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• How does Type 1 diabetes affect insulin production?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration change in a person with Type 1 diabetes after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It rises and stays at a high level
• What do people with Type 1 diabetes do to manage their condition?

  They monitor their blood glucose and inject insulin when necessary
• What happens in Type 2 diabetes regarding insulin response?

  The body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is Type 2 diabetes typically treated?

  With a controlled diet and exercise
• What is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on the liver?

  It triggers liver cells to convert glycogen back to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon work together in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  • The process of maintaining a constant blood glucose level
  • Involves the actions of insulin and glucagon
  • Essential for energy release through respiration
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a meal rich in carbohydrates?

  1. Blood glucose concentration rises
  2. Pancreas senses the rise
  3. Insulin is released
  4. Body cells take up glucose
  5. Blood glucose concentration returns to normal
• Describe the differences in blood glucose regulation between a person with diabetes and a healthy person.

  • Healthy person: Blood glucose rises and returns to normal quickly
  • Type 1 diabetes: Blood glucose rises and remains high due to insufficient insulin
  • Type 2 diabetes: Blood glucose can rise too high due to cells not responding to insulin
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon in blood glucose control?

  • Insulin lowers blood glucose levels
  • Glucagon raises blood glucose levels
  • They work in opposition to maintain balance