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• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?

  Energy, electricity, particles, and atomic structure
• What does the term "energy" refer to in physics?

  Energy is an idea that quantifies what will happen when objects interact in a system
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?

  Total energy in any interaction is always conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed
• What is the unit of energy?

  Joules
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula $E_k =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

  Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, gravitational field strength, and height
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

  Gravitational potential energy is calculated using $E_{gp} =$$mgh$
• What does the specific heat capacity (shc) tell us?

  Specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is needed to raise 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C
• How is thermal energy calculated?

  Thermal energy is calculated using the formula $E =$$mc\Delta T$
• What happens to particles when thermal energy increases?

  Particles move faster as thermal energy increases
• What is chemical potential energy?

  Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in food or fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?

  Energy must be transferred from one object or store to another
• What is a closed system?

  A closed system is one where no energy is lost or gained from the surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in a roller coaster scenario?

  We can say that gravitational potential energy lost equals kinetic energy gained
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed can be found using $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E_k}{m}}$
• What is the relationship between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy when an object falls?

  The gravitational potential energy decreases while the kinetic energy increases
• What is work in the context of energy?

  Work is another term for energy used
• How can we find the specific heat capacity of a material practically?

  By heating it and measuring the change in temperature
• What is the equation for power?

  Power is calculated using $P =$$\frac{E}{t}$
• What is the unit for power?

  Watts
• How is efficiency calculated?

  Efficiency is calculated as the useful energy out divided by the total energy in
• If a power supply uses 200 watts but only supplies 120 watts of useful power, what is its efficiency?

  The efficiency is 0.6 or 60%
• What are finite energy sources?

  Finite energy sources are those that cannot be replenished once used, like fossil fuels
• What are renewable energy sources?

  Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, like wind and solar power
• What is electricity?

  Electricity is the flow of charge, typically electrons, carrying energy
• What is potential difference (PD)?

  Potential difference tells us how much energy is transferred per coulomb of charge
• How is potential difference measured?

  Potential difference is measured with a voltmeter
• How is current defined in a circuit?

  Current is the rate of flow of charge through a circuit
• What is Ohm's Law?

  Ohm's Law states that voltage is equal to current times resistance
• What does a resistor do in a circuit?

  A resistor resists the flow of charge, causing energy to be transferred and heat to be emitted
• How does the graph of current versus potential difference for a resistor differ from that of a bulb?

  A resistor has a straight line graph indicating constant resistance, while a bulb has a curved graph indicating changing resistance
• What does it mean if a component is described as "ohmic"?

  An ohmic component has constant resistance, meaning the current is directly proportional to the voltage
• How can resistance be calculated from an IV graph?

  Resistance can be calculated by picking a point on the line and rearranging Ohm's Law
• What happens to the resistance of a bulb as the current increases?

  The resistance of a bulb changes, resulting in a curved graph
• What is the relationship between potential difference (PD) and current (I) in a resistor?

  They are directly proportional.
• What does a graph of PD versus current for a resistor look like?

  It makes a straight line through the origin.
• What happens to the graph if the battery is reversed?

  Negative values for both PD and current are obtained, but it remains a straight line through the origin.
• What does a constant gradient in the graph indicate about a resistor?

  It shows that the resistor has constant resistance.
• What does a steeper gradient on the graph indicate about resistance?

  The lower the resistance of the resistor, as more current flows per volt.
• What is the equation for resistance according to Ohm's Law?

  V = I × R