Changing

• What does the report by Heath & Roberts (2006) indicate about British national identity since 1979?

  The report shows a decline in the number of residents identifying as primarily British.
• What trend has been observed in the national identity of English, Welsh, and Scottish residents since 1979?

  There has been an increase in residents identifying as Scottish, Welsh, or English.
• By 2006, how much less likely were English people to describe themselves as British instead of English?

  By 2006, English people were 24% less likely to describe themselves as British.
• What significant change has occurred in British national identity over the past 20 years?

  There has been a significant decline in the prevalence of a British national identity among British citizens.
• What does A.H. Halsey claim about Britain's uniqueness?

  Halsey claims that Britain can no longer be said to be uniquely British.
• According to Halsey, what has contributed to the difficulty in pinpointing Britishness?

  Growing international homogeneity and the dominance of American culture have contributed to this difficulty.
• What does Sardar suggest about the current global identity crisis?

  Sardar suggests that the world is in a global identity crisis, with Britain unsure whether to become more American or more European.
• What does Sardar argue about the concept of "Englishness"?

  Sardar argues that "Englishness" is based on historical traditions that are meaningless to most people living there today.
• What does Sardar propose for developing a more confident identity?

  Sardar proposes that embracing diversity while focusing on common humanity can help develop a more confident identity.
• According to Stuart Hall, how will national identity change in a globalised society?

  National identity will become less significant in today's globalised society.
• What term does Hall use to describe young people in a globalised society?

  Hall describes young people as 'citizens of the world.'
• What role do the internet and social media play in national identity according to Hall?

  The internet and social media have contributed to the diminishing significance of national boundaries and cultures.
• What are the three different reactions countries may display to globalisation according to Hall?

  1. Cultural homogenisation: Acceptance of global culture, leading to similarity among countries.
  2. Cultural hybridity: Participation in global culture alongside traditional culture, creating a new individual culture.
  3. Cultural resistance: Rejection of global culture, fiercely protecting cultural heritage and becoming more traditional and nationalistic.