Chemistry - Bonding

• What are the three main types of bonding in elements and compounds?

  Covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and metallic bonding
• How does covalent bonding occur?

  Atoms share electrons so their outer shells overlap
• In which type of elements does covalent bonding occur?

  Non-metals
• What are the two types of covalent bonding?

  Simple covalent and giant covalent
• What is an example of a simple covalent molecule?

  CH₄ (methane)
• What distinguishes giant covalent compounds from simple covalent compounds?

  Giant covalent compounds have thousands of atoms joined together
• Name one example of a giant covalent compound.

  Diamond
• What is ionic bonding?

  It involves giving and taking electrons between metals and non-metals
• What is formed when metals and non-metals react in ionic bonding?

  A giant ionic lattice of positive and negative ions
• What is the definition of an ionic bond?

  A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
• Give an example of an ionic compound.

  Calcium chloride
• What types of elements form ionic bonds?

  Metals and non-metals
• How does metallic bonding differ from ionic bonding?

  Metallic bonding occurs only within metals, while ionic bonding involves metals and non-metals
• What happens to metal atoms during metallic bonding?

  They lose electrons to form positive ions
• What is a metallic bond?

  A strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
• What is the structure formed by metallic bonding called?

  A giant metallic lattice
• Name one example of a metallic substance.

  Iron
• Which types of elements form metallic bonds?

  Only metals
• How does the attraction in metallic bonding compare to ionic bonding?

  Both involve strong electrostatic attraction, but metallic bonding is between positive ions and delocalized electrons
• What are the characteristics of covalent bonding?

  • Occurs only in non-metals
  • Atoms share a pair of electrons
  • Forms simple covalent or giant covalent structures
• What are the characteristics of ionic bonding?

  • Involves both metals and non-metals
  • Electrons are gained and lost
  • Forms a giant ionic lattice of positive and negative ions
• What are the characteristics of metallic bonding?

  • Occurs only within metals
  • Positive ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons
  • Forms a giant metallic lattice
• What are the four examples of giant covalent compounds you need to know?

  1. Diamond
  2. Graphite
  3. Graphene
  4. Silicon dioxide
• What is the difference between simple covalent and giant covalent compounds?

  • Simple covalent: few atoms (e.g., CH₄, H₂O)
  • Giant covalent: thousands of atoms (e.g., diamond, graphite)