Non metals and Metals C1

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Most elements are metals found towards the bottom left of the table.
• What is a key feature of metals when they react?

  Metals form positive ions when they react.
• What is an example of a positive ion formed by a metal?

  A calcium two plus ion.
• How do non-metals behave in terms of ion formation?

  Non-metals either don't form ions or form negative ions.
• Why do elements on the left of the periodic table tend to lose electrons easily?

  They have fewer electrons in their outermost shell.
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell.
• Why is it difficult for chlorine to form a positive ion?

  Chlorine would have to lose all seven of its outer electrons, which requires a lot of energy.
• How does the reactivity of metals change down the periodic table?

  Metals tend to become more reactive towards the bottom of the table.
• Why do elements further down the periodic table lose electrons more easily?

  Their outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus, making them less tightly held.
• What type of bonding do all metals have?

  All metals have metallic bonding.
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable (can be bent or hammered)
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous (create a ringing sound)
• How do non-metals generally appear in terms of color and texture?

  Non-metals tend to be dull in color and brittle.
• What is a common physical property of non-metals regarding their state at room temperature?

  Many non-metals are gaseous at room temperature.
• How do non-metals compare to metals in terms of electrical conductivity?

  Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity.
• What is a characteristic of transition metals?

  Transition metals can form more than one ion.
• What is an example of a transition metal that can form multiple ions?

  Chromium can form two plus, three plus, and six plus ions.
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  Transition metals make very good catalysts.
• What is a catalyst?

  • Substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction
  • Not used up in the reaction
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron is an important catalyst in the Haber process.
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes.
• What are the properties of transition metals?

  • Form more than one ion
  • Often colored ions
  • Good catalysts