Group 1 Elements C1

• What are the elements known as alkali metals in group 1?

  Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium
• How do alkali metals differ from most other metals?

  They are relatively soft, have low densities, and low melting points
• What is the reactivity of alkali metals compared to other metals?

  Alkali metals are much more reactive than other metals
• With which substances do alkali metals react vigorously?

  Water, oxygen, and group 7 elements such as chlorine
• What happens to the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

  The elements become more reactive
• Which alkali metal can ignite spontaneously at room temperature?

  Cesium
• What trend occurs in melting and boiling points as you go down the group of alkali metals?

  The melting points and boiling points decrease
• Why do alkali metals react easily?

  They have one electron in their outermost shell that they can easily lose
• How does the distance of the outermost electron from the nucleus affect reactivity in alkali metals?

  Increased distance weakens the attractive force, making it easier to lose the electron
• What type of compounds do alkali metals typically form with non-metals?

  Ionic compounds
• What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, forming sodium chloride
• What are the general properties of ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?

  • Generally white solids
  • Tend to dissolve in water
  • Form colorless solutions
• What do alkali metals produce when they react with water?

  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
• What is the reaction of sodium with water?

  Sodium plus water forms sodium hydroxide plus hydrogen
• How does the energy released in reactions change as you go down the group of alkali metals?

  The reactions release more energy
• What do alkali metals form when they react with chlorine gas?

  White metal chloride salts
• What type of oxide do alkali metals form when they react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides
• What does lithium form when it reacts with oxygen?

  Lithium oxide, $Li_2O$
• What does sodium form when it reacts with oxygen?

  Sodium oxide, $Na_2O$
• What can potassium form when it reacts with oxygen?

  Potassium can form potassium peroxide, $K_2O_2$, or potassium superoxide, $KO_2$
• What is a good study method for remembering the reactions of alkali metals?

  • Use flashcards to practice
  • Focus on key reactions and products
• What is the common name for sodium chloride?

  Common table salt
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