Toe, foot , and calcaneus

• How many bones are in the foot?

  26 bones
• How many phalanges are there in each foot?

  14 phalanges
• What are the three divisions of the foot?

  Forefoot, Midfoot, Hindfoot
• What are the two arches of the foot?

  • Longitudinal arch
  • Transverse arch
• What are the two surfaces of the foot?

  Dorsum/Dorsal and Plantar
• How many phalanges are in the great toe?

  Two phalanges
• What are the names of the two phalanges in the great toe?

  Distal phalanx and Proximal phalanx
• How many phalanges are in the 2nd to 5th toes?

  Three phalanges each
• What are the names of the three phalanges in the 2nd to 5th toes?

  Distal phalanx, Middle phalanx, Proximal phalanx
• What are the two articular ends of a phalanx called?

  Proximal base and Distal head
• How many metatarsals are there in the foot?

  Five metatarsals
• How are the metatarsals numbered?

  From 1 to 5, medially to laterally
• What are the components of a metatarsal?

  Proximal base, Body, Distal head
• What forms the "ball" of the foot?

  The five heads of the metatarsals
• Which metatarsal is the shortest and thickest?

  First metatarsal
• Which metatarsal is the longest?

  Second metatarsal
• Where is the common fracture site on the metatarsals?

  Tuberosity on the base of the fifth metatarsal
• How many tarsals are in the foot?

  Seven tarsals
• What are the names of the seven tarsals in the foot?

  • Calcaneus
  • Talus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial Cuneiform
  • Intermediate Cuneiform
  • Lateral Cuneiform
• Where are the sesamoid bones located?

  Beneath the head of the first metatarsal
• What is a common site of fracture for sesamoid bones?

  They are a common site of fracture
• What are the joints of the foot?

  • Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
  • Tarsometatarsal (TMT)
  • Intertarsal
  • Subtalar
• What are the joints of the tarsals?

  • Calcaneocuboid
  • Cuneocuboid
  • Intercuneiform
  • Cuboidonavicular
  • Naviculocuneiform
  • Talocalcaneal
  • Talocalcaneonavicular
• How many essential projections are there for the toes?

  63 @ 0.9
• How many essential projections are there for the foot?

  70 @ 1.25
• How many essential projections are there for the axial calcaneus?

  70 @ 1.8
• How many essential projections are there for the lateral calcaneus?

  70 @ 1.1
• What are the essential projections for the toes?

  • AP/AP AXIAL Toes
  • AP OBL Toes
  • LAT Toes
• What are the essential projections for the foot?

  • AP/AP AXIAL Foot
  • AP OBL Foot
  • LAT Foot
• What are the essential projections for the calcaneus?

  • AXIAL Calcaneus
  • LAT Calcaneus
• What is the patient position for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  Supine or seated on the table
• Where should the IR be centered for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  Centered to the 3rd MTP
• What should be done if the foot cannot be flattened for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  Use a 15-degree foam wedge
• What is the central ray direction for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  15 degrees posteriorly through the 3rd MTP joint
• What is the collimation for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  1 inch on all sides on 10x12 IR lengthwise
• What are the evaluation criteria for AP/AP AXIAL Toes?

  • Proper collimation and side marked
  • Entire toes, including distal ends of metatarsals
  • Toes separated from each other
  • No rotation of phalanges
  • Open IP and MTP joint spaces
  • Bony trabecular detail and surrounding soft tissues
• What is the patient position for AP OBL Toes?

  Supine or seated on the table
• What is the rotation angle for AP OBL Toes?

  30 to 45 degrees
• Where should the IR be centered for AP OBL Toes?

  Centered to the toes
• What is the central ray direction for AP OBL Toes?

  Perpendicular, entering the 3rd MTP joint