active transport

• What process involves the movement of gases from high concentration to low concentration?

  Diffusion
• What process involves the movement of water?

  Osmosis
• What is the main characteristic of active transport?

  It moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient
• Why is energy required for active transport?

  Because it moves substances against the concentration gradient
• What type of proteins carry out active transport?

  Protein carriers
• How does a substance bind to a protein carrier during active transport?

  The substance binds to the protein carrier on the low concentration side
• What role does respiration play in active transport?

  It provides the energy needed for the protein carrier to transport the substance
• What happens to the substance after it binds to the protein carrier?

  It is released on the other side of the cell membrane where the concentration is high
• How does active transport differ from diffusion and osmosis?

  Active transport requires energy and moves substances against the concentration gradient
• Why do cells that perform a lot of active transport have many mitochondria?

  To provide the energy needed for active transport
• What are the three main processes by which cells take in substances and get rid of waste?

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
• How can you visualize the difference between diffusion and active transport?

  • Diffusion: Moving down a slide (no energy needed)
  • Active transport: Climbing a ladder (energy needed)
• What is the direction of movement for substances during diffusion?

  From high concentration to low concentration
• What is the direction of movement for substances during active transport?

  From low concentration to high concentration
• What is an example of a cell type that uses active transport to absorb substances?

  Root hair cells taking in mineral ions from the soil
• How do kidneys utilize active transport?

  To retain substances like glucose and sodium ions that the body needs
• What analogy is used to explain the energy requirement in active transport?

  Climbing a ladder