Hairpin counter-current multiplier effect

• where is the hairpin counter-current multiplier effect located


  loop of henle
• what is the function of the loop of Henle


  to create an area of high solute concentration in the tissue fluid of the medulla
• describe the descending limb in terms of permeability


  this is where the cells are permeable to water but relatively impermeable to salt
• describe the ascending limb in terms of permeability


  cells are impermeable to water but permeable to salt
• what are the 2 sections of the loop of Henle


  descending and ascending limbs
• what two ions are actively pumped out of the filtrate in the ascending limb

  Na+ and Cl-
• what happens to the water potential in the ascending limb after na+ and cl- have been pumped out


  a lower water potential will be created
• how and where to does water leave the descending limb


  by osmosis into the collecting duct
• how does water move into the blood from the collecting duct


  by the vasa recta capillaries
• what happens to the contents of the descending limb as the filtrate reached the bottom of the loop of henle


  the filtrate will become more concentrated
• why does the filtrate become more dilute as it moves up the ascending limb


  because as it moves up the limb it loses ions
• what is the relationship between solute potential and water potential


  as solute potential increases water potential decreases