Milgram and ethics

• What was the main focus of Milgram's research into obedience?

  To explore how far participants would go in obeying instructions from an authority figure
• What ethical concerns were raised about Milgram's research?

  Participants were deceived about the aims of the study and their well-being was not considered
• What must participants be given before taking part in a study?

  Detailed information explaining potential risks and benefits
• What is the right to withdraw in research studies?

  Participants should be informed they can leave the study at any time without negative consequences
• What should researchers do to protect participants from harm?

  Minimize risks and communicate them before participation
• What should happen if deception is used in a study?

  Participants should be fully debriefed at the end of the study
• Why was Milgram's study considered ethically questionable?

  It lacked informed consent and did not consider participants' well-being
• What does informed consent entail in research studies?

  Participants must understand the aims and potential risks before agreeing to participate
• What was one of the main ethical issues surrounding Milgram's study?

  Participants were not informed of their right to withdraw
• How did the lack of informed consent affect Milgram's study?

  It made the study ethically flawed and questionable
• What changes could have been made to Milgram's study to improve its ethical standards?

  Providing clear information about the study and ensuring informed consent
• What percentage of participants in Milgram's study reported negative feelings?

  Not specified in the material
• What feelings did participants experience in Milgram's study?

  Negative feelings, though specific emotions are not detailed in the material
• Why is the validity of data important to consider alongside the ethics of a study?

  Ethical issues can affect participants' responses and the overall validity of the data
• What are the ethical implications of using deception in psychological research?

  Deception can undermine informed consent and affect participants' trust
• What were the main ethical issues identified in Milgram's study?

  • High level of obedience observed
  • Real shocks that could cause harm
  • Visible distress of the learner
  • Participants were deceived about the study's aims
  • Potential negative impact on participants
  • Participants did not fully consent to participate
• How did Milgram's study affect the participants after the experiment?

  It raised concerns about their well-being and potential negative impacts
• What was one of the main reasons participants obeyed the instructions in Milgram's study?

  They felt compelled to obey an authority figure
• What might have happened if participants had known the true aims of Milgram's study?

  They may have refused to participate or acted differently
• Did the deception in Milgram's study affect its validity?

  Yes, it suggests that deception can compromise the validity of the study
• Why is it crucial for participants to understand their rights during a study?

  To ensure they can make informed decisions about their participation
• What degree of deception was reasonable in Milgram's study?

  The level of deception used was not justified
• What is the significance of debriefing participants after a study?

  It allows participants to understand the study and discuss their experiences
• What was the impact of Milgram's study on ethical guidelines in psychology?

  It highlighted the need for stricter ethical standards in research
• How does Milgram's study relate to the concept of authority in psychology?

  It demonstrates the influence of authority figures on individual behavior
• What are the implications of Milgram's findings for understanding human behavior?

  They suggest that people may follow orders even against their moral beliefs