Physics paper 1 x

• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?

  Energy, electricity, particles, and atomic structure
• What does the term "energy" refer to in physics?

  Energy is a number that tells us what will happen when objects interact in a system
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?

  Total energy in any interaction is always conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed
• What is the unit of energy?

  Joules
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula $E_k =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

  Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, gravitational field strength, and height
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

  Gravitational potential energy is calculated using $E_{gp} =$$mgh$
• What does the specific heat capacity tell us?

  Specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is needed to raise 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C
• How is thermal energy calculated?

  Thermal energy is calculated using the formula $E =$$mc\Delta T$
• What happens to particles when thermal energy increases?

  Particles move faster as thermal energy increases
• What is chemical potential energy?

  Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in food or fuels
• What is a closed system in terms of energy transfer?

  A closed system is one where no energy is lost or gained from the surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in a roller coaster scenario?

  We can say that gravitational potential energy lost equals kinetic energy gained
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed is given by $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E_k}{m}}$
• What is the relationship between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy when an object falls?

  As an object falls, its gravitational potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases
• What is the specific heat capacity practical method?

  It involves heating a material and measuring the change in temperature to find specific heat capacity
• What is the equation for power?

  Power is calculated using $P =$$\frac{E}{t}$
• What does efficiency measure?

  Efficiency measures how much energy going into a system is used usefully
• How is efficiency calculated?

  Efficiency is calculated as the useful energy output divided by the total energy input
• If a power supply uses 200 watts but only supplies 120 watts of useful power, what is its efficiency?

  The efficiency is 0.6 or 60%
• What are finite energy sources?

  Finite energy sources are those that cannot be replenished once used, like fossil fuels
• What are renewable energy sources?

  Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, like wind and solar power
• What is electricity?

  Electricity is the flow of charge, typically electrons, carrying energy
• What is the role of a battery in a circuit?

  A battery provides a store of chemical potential energy that is converted to electrical energy
• What is current in a circuit?

  Current is the movement of charge through a circuit
• How is potential difference (PD) defined?

  Potential difference is the energy transferred per coulomb of charge
• What is the equation for potential difference?

  Potential difference is calculated using $V =$$\frac{E}{Q}$
• How is current measured in a circuit?

  Current is measured in amps using an ammeter
• What is resistance in a circuit?

  Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charge in a circuit
• What does Ohm's law state?

  Ohm's law states that voltage is directly proportional to current for a resistor
• How does the IV graph of a resistor differ from that of a bulb?

  A resistor has a straight line graph indicating constant resistance, while a bulb has a curved graph indicating changing resistance
• What does a straight line through the origin on an IV graph indicate?

  A straight line through the origin indicates that the component follows Ohm's law
• What happens to the resistance of a bulb as the current increases?

  The resistance of a bulb increases as the current increases
• What is the unit of resistance?

  Ohms
• What is the relationship between potential difference (PD) and current (I) in a resistor?

  They are directly proportional.
• What does a graph of PD versus current for a resistor look like?

  It makes a straight line through the origin.
• What happens to the graph if the battery is reversed?

  Negative values for both PD and current are obtained, but it remains a straight line through the origin.
• What does a constant gradient in the graph indicate about a resistor?

  It shows that the resistor has constant resistance.
• How does the steepness of the gradient relate to resistance?

  The steeper the gradient, the lower the resistance of the resistor.
• What is the equation for resistance according to Ohm's Law?

  V = I × R