features of science

Cards (13)

what is a theory
set of definitions and proposition that present a systematic view of phenomena
what is a study
a systematic enquiry that requires collection of data
what is the empirical method
it is based on gathering evidence through direct observation and experience e.g experimental and observational methods
what is objectivity
meaning it is free from bias- this is ideal but not possible- popper argued that scientific observation are theory-driven rather than objective
what is falsification  
science aims to falsify rather than verify- it aims to prove something is not true rather than if something is true
what is replicability
getting the same results again and again- if a standardised procedure is used, a study can be replicable
what is a paradigm
it is commonly regarded as a way of doing things - the assumptions of a subject
what is theory construction
a set of general laws of principles that have the ability to explain particular events or behaviour
how does theory construction occur
occurs through gathering evidence from direct observation
what is hypothesis testing
testing the validity of a theory
what did popper present
in 1953, he presented a model of how science works in two stages : inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning
what is inductive reasoning  
observation that give information that can construct theories as explanations
what is deductive reasoning
when predictions are made from theories