Active Transport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?


  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, while diffusion moves them down the gradient
• What is the energy source required for active transport?

  Energy from respiration
• In which part of the human body is active transport commonly observed?

  In the cells lining the small intestine
• Why can't sugars diffuse into the cells lining the small intestine?

  Because the concentration of sugars is higher inside the cell than in the lumen
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells that perform active transport?

  Mitochondria provide the energy needed for active transport
• What ions do root hair cells transport into plants using active transport?

  Magnesium ions
• Why do plants need magnesium ions?

  To make chlorophyll in the leaves
• How do root hair cells utilize active transport to benefit the plant?

  They move ions from the soil into the plant, where the concentration is higher
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
  • Diffusion moves substances down the concentration gradient
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration
  • Diffusion does not require energy
• What are the examples of active transport in animals and plants?

  • In animals: Absorption of sugars in the small intestine
  • In plants: Transport of magnesium ions into root hair cells