the psychodynamic approach

• Who is the psychologist most people can name without studying psychology?

  Sigmund Freud
• What is the name of Freud's approach to psychology?

  Psychodynamics
• Why were Freud's theories influential despite being rejected by most psychologists today?

  They significantly impacted the development of later theories and approaches
• What popular form of counseling did Freud develop?

  Psychotherapy
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  • Flashcards
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  • Over 17 hours of exclusive exam tutorial videos
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• What does the conscious mind include according to Freud?

  Ideas, decisions, and emotions
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts and memories not currently conscious but can be brought to awareness
• What is the largest part of the mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• What is psychic determinism?

  The idea that the unconscious mind drives conscious behavior and shapes personality
• What are the three parts of the mind according to Freud?

  The conscious mind, the preconscious, and the unconscious
• What does the ID represent in Freud's structure of personality?

  The selfish part of the mind that demands immediate satisfaction
• What is the pleasure principle associated with the ID?

  The ID seeks immediate gratification of its desires
• What is the role of the ego in Freud's model of personality?

  The ego mediates between the demands of the ID and the super ego
• What is the super ego known as?

  The morality principle
• How does the super ego influence behavior?

  By causing feelings of guilt when actions don't align with its rules
• What can happen if a child becomes fixated at a psychosexual stage?

  It can alter their personality and lead to mental disorders
• What is the oral stage in Freud's psychosexual stages?

  The stage where pleasure is derived from the mouth during breastfeeding
• What is the anal stage in Freud's psychosexual stages?

  The stage where pleasure comes from potty training and controlling bowel movements
• What is the phallic stage in Freud's psychosexual stages?

  The stage where pleasure focuses on the genitals and involves the Oedipus complex
• What is the Oedipus complex?

  A boy's attraction to his mother and rivalry with his father
• What is penis envy according to Freud?

  A girl's realization that she does not have a penis, leading to a desire for one
• What happens during the latency stage of psychosexual development?

  Sexual energy is repressed and desires from early childhood are hidden
• What occurs in the genital stage of psychosexual development?

  Sexual desire becomes conscious and develops into adult forms
• What are defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

  • Strategies used by the ego to manage conflicts
  • Reduce anxiety from the conflict between the ID and super ego
  • Examples include denial, displacement, and repression
• What is denial as a defense mechanism?

  Refusing to accept the reality of a situation
• What is displacement as a defense mechanism?

  Shifting strong emotions from the source to a substitute target
• What is repression as a defense mechanism?

  Placing unpleasant memories or emotions into the unconscious
• What are some criticisms of Freud's psychodynamic approach?

  • Lack of scientific credibility
  • Reliance on case studies and subjective interpretations
  • Lack of falsifiability
• Why is Freud's work still taught in modern psychology courses?

  He was profoundly influential on later psychological theories
• What is the practical application of psychodynamics?

  Psychoanalysis is a common form of talking therapy
• What did a meta-analysis by Dmats conclude about psychoanalytic therapy?

  It supports the effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy
• What is based validity in the context of Freud's ideas?

  Some of Freud's ideas resonate with people's experiences and intuitions
• How do modern theorists view unconscious processes?

  They accept that processes below awareness influence perception and memory
• What is the significance of the Freud Museum?

  It provides an introduction to Freud's ideas and theories
• What is the role of early childhood experiences in Freud's theory?

  They have long-lasting effects on adult personality and behavior
• What is the relationship between the ID and super ego in Freud's theory?

  The ID seeks pleasure while the super ego enforces moral standards
• How does Freud explain criminal behavior?

  It can result from an underdeveloped or deviant super ego
• What is the significance of the iceberg metaphor in Freud's theory?

  It illustrates the vastness of the unconscious mind compared to the conscious mind
• What is the role of the ego in managing conflicts?

  The ego attempts to balance the demands of the ID and super ego