Hydrocarbons

    Cards (25)

    • Define the term hydrocarbon.
      A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains hydrogen and carbon only.
    • Define the term alkane.
      An alkane is a type of hydrocarbon that is saturated.
    • What are the first four alkanes?
      1. Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)
      2. Ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
      3. Propane (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>)
      4. Butane (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>)
    • What is the general formula for an alkane?
      The general formula for an alkane is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>.
    • If an alkane has 5 carbon atoms, what is its molecular formula?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>.
    • How many hydrogen atoms are in an alkane with 100 carbon atoms?
      There are 202 hydrogen atoms.
    • How is crude oil formed?
      Crude oil is formed from the remains of ancient biomass that died millions of years ago.
    • What happens to sea creatures when they die in relation to crude oil formation?
      They are covered in sediment which later hardens to rock under heat and pressure.
    • What are the three fossil fuels formed from ancient biomass?
      The three fossil fuels are coal, oil, and gas.
    • What is the significance of crude oil being a finite resource?
      It means we are using it up much faster than it is being produced.
    • What distinguishes saturated hydrocarbons from unsaturated hydrocarbons?
      Saturated hydrocarbons have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms.
    • What is the first example of an alkane mentioned in the video?
      Methane is the first example of an alkane.
    • What is a homologous series?
      A homologous series is a group of chemicals that have similar chemical properties and the same functional group.
    • How do the prefixes meth, eth, prop, and but relate to alkanes?
      They refer to the number of carbon atoms in the alkane chain.
    • What mnemonic can help remember the first four alkanes?
      • Most elephants prefer bacon
      • Methane (most)
      • Ethane (elephants)
      • Propane (prefer)
      • Butane (bacon)
    • If you have a molecule with 7 carbon atoms, what is its molecular formula?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>.
    • What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 12 carbon atoms?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>26</sub>.
    • What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 20 carbon atoms?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>42</sub>.
    • How do you determine the number of carbon atoms from the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane?
      Use the formula \( n = \frac{(H - 2)}{2} \) where H is the number of hydrogen atoms.
    • If you have 46 hydrogen atoms, what is the molecular formula?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>46</sub>.
    • What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 24 hydrogen atoms?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>50</sub>.
    • What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 40 hydrogen atoms?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>40</sub>H<sub>82</sub>.
    • What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 50 hydrogen atoms?
      The molecular formula is C<sub>50</sub>H<sub>102</sub>.
    • What is the purpose of the video?
      The purpose is to provide an introduction to crude oil hydrocarbons and alkanes.
    • What should viewers do if they found the video useful?
      They should like and subscribe for more GCSE chemistry videos.