B1- Active transport

• What is the process called when substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How do root hairs contribute to a plant's ability to absorb water and minerals?

  • Root hairs grow into the soil
  • They increase the surface area for absorption
  • They help absorb water and mineral ions from the soil
• Why do plants need mineral ions?

  For healthy growth
• What is the typical concentration of minerals in root hair cells compared to the surrounding soil?

  The concentration of minerals is usually higher in the root hair cells than in the soil
• Why can't root hair cells use diffusion to take up minerals from the soil?

  Because the concentration of minerals is higher in the root hair cells than in the soil
• What happens to minerals if they followed the rules of diffusion in root hairs?

  Minerals should move out of the root hairs
• What is the method used by root hairs to draw in minerals?

  Active transport
• What does active transport allow plants to do regarding mineral absorption?

  It allows the plant to absorb minerals from a very dilute solution, against a concentration gradient
• What is required for active transport to function?

  Energy from respiration
• In which other organisms does active transport occur, besides plants?

  In humans
• How is active transport used in the human gut?

  It is used when there is a lower concentration of nutrients in the gut than in the blood
• What happens when there is a higher concentration of glucose and amino acids in the gut?

  They diffuse naturally into the blood
• What does it mean when the concentration gradient is the wrong way in the gut?

  It means there is a lower concentration of nutrients in the gut than in the blood
• How does active transport function in the gut?

  It allows nutrients to be taken into the blood despite the concentration gradient being the wrong way
• What happens to glucose in the bloodstream after being absorbed from the gut?

  It can be transported to cells for respiration